1/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
2#ifndef _BCACHE_BTREE_H
3#define _BCACHE_BTREE_H
4
5/*
6 * THE BTREE:
7 *
8 * At a high level, bcache's btree is relatively standard b+ tree. All keys and
9 * pointers are in the leaves; interior nodes only have pointers to the child
10 * nodes.
11 *
12 * In the interior nodes, a struct bkey always points to a child btree node, and
13 * the key is the highest key in the child node - except that the highest key in
14 * an interior node is always MAX_KEY. The size field refers to the size on disk
15 * of the child node - this would allow us to have variable sized btree nodes
16 * (handy for keeping the depth of the btree 1 by expanding just the root).
17 *
18 * Btree nodes are themselves log structured, but this is hidden fairly
19 * thoroughly. Btree nodes on disk will in practice have extents that overlap
20 * (because they were written at different times), but in memory we never have
21 * overlapping extents - when we read in a btree node from disk, the first thing
22 * we do is resort all the sets of keys with a mergesort, and in the same pass
23 * we check for overlapping extents and adjust them appropriately.
24 *
25 * struct btree_op is a central interface to the btree code. It's used for
26 * specifying read vs. write locking, and the embedded closure is used for
27 * waiting on IO or reserve memory.
28 *
29 * BTREE CACHE:
30 *
31 * Btree nodes are cached in memory; traversing the btree might require reading
32 * in btree nodes which is handled mostly transparently.
33 *
34 * bch_btree_node_get() looks up a btree node in the cache and reads it in from
35 * disk if necessary. This function is almost never called directly though - the
36 * btree() macro is used to get a btree node, call some function on it, and
37 * unlock the node after the function returns.
38 *
39 * The root is special cased - it's taken out of the cache's lru (thus pinning
40 * it in memory), so we can find the root of the btree by just dereferencing a
41 * pointer instead of looking it up in the cache. This makes locking a bit
42 * tricky, since the root pointer is protected by the lock in the btree node it
43 * points to - the btree_root() macro handles this.
44 *
45 * In various places we must be able to allocate memory for multiple btree nodes
46 * in order to make forward progress. To do this we use the btree cache itself
47 * as a reserve; if __get_free_pages() fails, we'll find a node in the btree
48 * cache we can reuse. We can't allow more than one thread to be doing this at a
49 * time, so there's a lock, implemented by a pointer to the btree_op closure -
50 * this allows the btree_root() macro to implicitly release this lock.
51 *
52 * BTREE IO:
53 *
54 * Btree nodes never have to be explicitly read in; bch_btree_node_get() handles
55 * this.
56 *
57 * For writing, we have two btree_write structs embeddded in struct btree - one
58 * write in flight, and one being set up, and we toggle between them.
59 *
60 * Writing is done with a single function - bch_btree_write() really serves two
61 * different purposes and should be broken up into two different functions. When
62 * passing now = false, it merely indicates that the node is now dirty - calling
63 * it ensures that the dirty keys will be written at some point in the future.
64 *
65 * When passing now = true, bch_btree_write() causes a write to happen
66 * "immediately" (if there was already a write in flight, it'll cause the write
67 * to happen as soon as the previous write completes). It returns immediately
68 * though - but it takes a refcount on the closure in struct btree_op you passed
69 * to it, so a closure_sync() later can be used to wait for the write to
70 * complete.
71 *
72 * This is handy because btree_split() and garbage collection can issue writes
73 * in parallel, reducing the amount of time they have to hold write locks.
74 *
75 * LOCKING:
76 *
77 * When traversing the btree, we may need write locks starting at some level -
78 * inserting a key into the btree will typically only require a write lock on
79 * the leaf node.
80 *
81 * This is specified with the lock field in struct btree_op; lock = 0 means we
82 * take write locks at level <= 0, i.e. only leaf nodes. bch_btree_node_get()
83 * checks this field and returns the node with the appropriate lock held.
84 *
85 * If, after traversing the btree, the insertion code discovers it has to split
86 * then it must restart from the root and take new locks - to do this it changes
87 * the lock field and returns -EINTR, which causes the btree_root() macro to
88 * loop.
89 *
90 * Handling cache misses require a different mechanism for upgrading to a write
91 * lock. We do cache lookups with only a read lock held, but if we get a cache
92 * miss and we wish to insert this data into the cache, we have to insert a
93 * placeholder key to detect races - otherwise, we could race with a write and
94 * overwrite the data that was just written to the cache with stale data from
95 * the backing device.
96 *
97 * For this we use a sequence number that write locks and unlocks increment - to
98 * insert the check key it unlocks the btree node and then takes a write lock,
99 * and fails if the sequence number doesn't match.
100 */
101
102#include "bset.h"
103#include "debug.h"
104
105struct btree_write {
106 atomic_t *journal;
107
108 /* If btree_split() frees a btree node, it writes a new pointer to that
109 * btree node indicating it was freed; it takes a refcount on
110 * c->prio_blocked because we can't write the gens until the new
111 * pointer is on disk. This allows btree_write_endio() to release the
112 * refcount that btree_split() took.
113 */
114 int prio_blocked;
115};
116
117struct btree {
118 /* Hottest entries first */
119 struct hlist_node hash;
120
121 /* Key/pointer for this btree node */
122 BKEY_PADDED(key);
123
124 unsigned long seq;
125 struct rw_semaphore lock;
126 struct cache_set *c;
127 struct btree *parent;
128
129 struct mutex write_lock;
130
131 unsigned long flags;
132 uint16_t written; /* would be nice to kill */
133 uint8_t level;
134
135 struct btree_keys keys;
136
137 /* For outstanding btree writes, used as a lock - protects write_idx */
138 struct closure io;
139 struct semaphore io_mutex;
140
141 struct list_head list;
142 struct delayed_work work;
143
144 struct btree_write writes[2];
145 struct bio *bio;
146};
147
148
149
150
151#define BTREE_FLAG(flag) \
152static inline bool btree_node_ ## flag(struct btree *b) \
153{ return test_bit(BTREE_NODE_ ## flag, &b->flags); } \
154 \
155static inline void set_btree_node_ ## flag(struct btree *b) \
156{ set_bit(BTREE_NODE_ ## flag, &b->flags); }
157
158enum btree_flags {
159 BTREE_NODE_io_error,
160 BTREE_NODE_dirty,
161 BTREE_NODE_write_idx,
162 BTREE_NODE_journal_flush,
163};
164
165BTREE_FLAG(io_error);
166BTREE_FLAG(dirty);
167BTREE_FLAG(write_idx);
168BTREE_FLAG(journal_flush);
169
170static inline struct btree_write *btree_current_write(struct btree *b)
171{
172 return b->writes + btree_node_write_idx(b);
173}
174
175static inline struct btree_write *btree_prev_write(struct btree *b)
176{
177 return b->writes + (btree_node_write_idx(b) ^ 1);
178}
179
180static inline struct bset *btree_bset_first(struct btree *b)
181{
182 return b->keys.set->data;
183}
184
185static inline struct bset *btree_bset_last(struct btree *b)
186{
187 return bset_tree_last(b: &b->keys)->data;
188}
189
190static inline unsigned int bset_block_offset(struct btree *b, struct bset *i)
191{
192 return bset_sector_offset(b: &b->keys, i) >> b->c->block_bits;
193}
194
195static inline void set_gc_sectors(struct cache_set *c)
196{
197 atomic_set(v: &c->sectors_to_gc, i: c->cache->sb.bucket_size * c->nbuckets / 16);
198}
199
200void bkey_put(struct cache_set *c, struct bkey *k);
201
202/* Looping macros */
203
204#define for_each_cached_btree(b, c, iter) \
205 for (iter = 0; \
206 iter < ARRAY_SIZE((c)->bucket_hash); \
207 iter++) \
208 hlist_for_each_entry_rcu((b), (c)->bucket_hash + iter, hash)
209
210/* Recursing down the btree */
211
212struct btree_op {
213 /* for waiting on btree reserve in btree_split() */
214 wait_queue_entry_t wait;
215
216 /* Btree level at which we start taking write locks */
217 short lock;
218
219 unsigned int insert_collision:1;
220};
221
222struct btree_check_state;
223struct btree_check_info {
224 struct btree_check_state *state;
225 struct task_struct *thread;
226 int result;
227};
228
229#define BCH_BTR_CHKTHREAD_MAX 12
230struct btree_check_state {
231 struct cache_set *c;
232 int total_threads;
233 int key_idx;
234 spinlock_t idx_lock;
235 atomic_t started;
236 atomic_t enough;
237 wait_queue_head_t wait;
238 struct btree_check_info infos[BCH_BTR_CHKTHREAD_MAX];
239};
240
241static inline void bch_btree_op_init(struct btree_op *op, int write_lock_level)
242{
243 memset(op, 0, sizeof(struct btree_op));
244 init_wait(&op->wait);
245 op->lock = write_lock_level;
246}
247
248static inline void rw_lock(bool w, struct btree *b, int level)
249{
250 w ? down_write(sem: &b->lock)
251 : down_read(sem: &b->lock);
252 if (w)
253 b->seq++;
254}
255
256static inline void rw_unlock(bool w, struct btree *b)
257{
258 if (w)
259 b->seq++;
260 (w ? up_write : up_read)(&b->lock);
261}
262
263void bch_btree_node_read_done(struct btree *b);
264void __bch_btree_node_write(struct btree *b, struct closure *parent);
265void bch_btree_node_write(struct btree *b, struct closure *parent);
266
267void bch_btree_set_root(struct btree *b);
268struct btree *__bch_btree_node_alloc(struct cache_set *c, struct btree_op *op,
269 int level, bool wait,
270 struct btree *parent);
271struct btree *bch_btree_node_get(struct cache_set *c, struct btree_op *op,
272 struct bkey *k, int level, bool write,
273 struct btree *parent);
274
275int bch_btree_insert_check_key(struct btree *b, struct btree_op *op,
276 struct bkey *check_key);
277int bch_btree_insert(struct cache_set *c, struct keylist *keys,
278 atomic_t *journal_ref, struct bkey *replace_key);
279
280int bch_gc_thread_start(struct cache_set *c);
281void bch_initial_gc_finish(struct cache_set *c);
282void bch_moving_gc(struct cache_set *c);
283int bch_btree_check(struct cache_set *c);
284void bch_initial_mark_key(struct cache_set *c, int level, struct bkey *k);
285void bch_cannibalize_unlock(struct cache_set *c);
286
287static inline void wake_up_gc(struct cache_set *c)
288{
289 wake_up(&c->gc_wait);
290}
291
292static inline void force_wake_up_gc(struct cache_set *c)
293{
294 /*
295 * Garbage collection thread only works when sectors_to_gc < 0,
296 * calling wake_up_gc() won't start gc thread if sectors_to_gc is
297 * not a nagetive value.
298 * Therefore sectors_to_gc is set to -1 here, before waking up
299 * gc thread by calling wake_up_gc(). Then gc_should_run() will
300 * give a chance to permit gc thread to run. "Give a chance" means
301 * before going into gc_should_run(), there is still possibility
302 * that c->sectors_to_gc being set to other positive value. So
303 * this routine won't 100% make sure gc thread will be woken up
304 * to run.
305 */
306 atomic_set(v: &c->sectors_to_gc, i: -1);
307 wake_up_gc(c);
308}
309
310/*
311 * These macros are for recursing down the btree - they handle the details of
312 * locking and looking up nodes in the cache for you. They're best treated as
313 * mere syntax when reading code that uses them.
314 *
315 * op->lock determines whether we take a read or a write lock at a given depth.
316 * If you've got a read lock and find that you need a write lock (i.e. you're
317 * going to have to split), set op->lock and return -EINTR; btree_root() will
318 * call you again and you'll have the correct lock.
319 */
320
321/**
322 * btree - recurse down the btree on a specified key
323 * @fn: function to call, which will be passed the child node
324 * @key: key to recurse on
325 * @b: parent btree node
326 * @op: pointer to struct btree_op
327 */
328#define bcache_btree(fn, key, b, op, ...) \
329({ \
330 int _r, l = (b)->level - 1; \
331 bool _w = l <= (op)->lock; \
332 struct btree *_child = bch_btree_node_get((b)->c, op, key, l, \
333 _w, b); \
334 if (!IS_ERR(_child)) { \
335 _r = bch_btree_ ## fn(_child, op, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
336 rw_unlock(_w, _child); \
337 } else \
338 _r = PTR_ERR(_child); \
339 _r; \
340})
341
342/**
343 * btree_root - call a function on the root of the btree
344 * @fn: function to call, which will be passed the child node
345 * @c: cache set
346 * @op: pointer to struct btree_op
347 */
348#define bcache_btree_root(fn, c, op, ...) \
349({ \
350 int _r = -EINTR; \
351 do { \
352 struct btree *_b = (c)->root; \
353 bool _w = insert_lock(op, _b); \
354 rw_lock(_w, _b, _b->level); \
355 if (_b == (c)->root && \
356 _w == insert_lock(op, _b)) { \
357 _r = bch_btree_ ## fn(_b, op, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
358 } \
359 rw_unlock(_w, _b); \
360 bch_cannibalize_unlock(c); \
361 if (_r == -EINTR) \
362 schedule(); \
363 } while (_r == -EINTR); \
364 \
365 finish_wait(&(c)->btree_cache_wait, &(op)->wait); \
366 _r; \
367})
368
369#define MAP_DONE 0
370#define MAP_CONTINUE 1
371
372#define MAP_ALL_NODES 0
373#define MAP_LEAF_NODES 1
374
375#define MAP_END_KEY 1
376
377typedef int (btree_map_nodes_fn)(struct btree_op *b_op, struct btree *b);
378int __bch_btree_map_nodes(struct btree_op *op, struct cache_set *c,
379 struct bkey *from, btree_map_nodes_fn *fn, int flags);
380
381static inline int bch_btree_map_nodes(struct btree_op *op, struct cache_set *c,
382 struct bkey *from, btree_map_nodes_fn *fn)
383{
384 return __bch_btree_map_nodes(op, c, from, fn, MAP_ALL_NODES);
385}
386
387static inline int bch_btree_map_leaf_nodes(struct btree_op *op,
388 struct cache_set *c,
389 struct bkey *from,
390 btree_map_nodes_fn *fn)
391{
392 return __bch_btree_map_nodes(op, c, from, fn, MAP_LEAF_NODES);
393}
394
395typedef int (btree_map_keys_fn)(struct btree_op *op, struct btree *b,
396 struct bkey *k);
397int bch_btree_map_keys(struct btree_op *op, struct cache_set *c,
398 struct bkey *from, btree_map_keys_fn *fn, int flags);
399int bch_btree_map_keys_recurse(struct btree *b, struct btree_op *op,
400 struct bkey *from, btree_map_keys_fn *fn,
401 int flags);
402
403typedef bool (keybuf_pred_fn)(struct keybuf *buf, struct bkey *k);
404
405void bch_keybuf_init(struct keybuf *buf);
406void bch_refill_keybuf(struct cache_set *c, struct keybuf *buf,
407 struct bkey *end, keybuf_pred_fn *pred);
408bool bch_keybuf_check_overlapping(struct keybuf *buf, struct bkey *start,
409 struct bkey *end);
410void bch_keybuf_del(struct keybuf *buf, struct keybuf_key *w);
411struct keybuf_key *bch_keybuf_next(struct keybuf *buf);
412struct keybuf_key *bch_keybuf_next_rescan(struct cache_set *c,
413 struct keybuf *buf,
414 struct bkey *end,
415 keybuf_pred_fn *pred);
416void bch_update_bucket_in_use(struct cache_set *c, struct gc_stat *stats);
417#endif
418

source code of linux/drivers/md/bcache/btree.h