1	// Copyright (C) 2017 The Qt Company Ltd.
2	// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR LGPL-3.0-only OR GPL-2.0-only OR GPL-3.0-only
3
4	#include "qvulkanwindow_p.h"
5	#include "qvulkanfunctions.h"
6	#include <QLoggingCategory>
7	#include <QTimer>
8	#include <QThread>
9	#include <QCoreApplication>
10	#include <qevent.h>
11
12	QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
13
14	Q_DECLARE_LOGGING_CATEGORY(lcGuiVk)
15
16	/*!
17	\class QVulkanWindow
18	\inmodule QtGui
19	\since 5.10
20	\brief The QVulkanWindow class is a convenience subclass of QWindow to perform Vulkan rendering.
21
22	QVulkanWindow is a Vulkan-capable QWindow that manages a Vulkan device, a
23	graphics queue, a command pool and buffer, a depth-stencil image and a
24	double-buffered FIFO swapchain, while taking care of correct behavior when it
25	comes to events like resize, special situations like not having a device
26	queue supporting both graphics and presentation, device lost scenarios, and
27	additional functionality like reading the rendered content back. Conceptually
28	it is the counterpart of QOpenGLWindow in the Vulkan world.
29
30	\note QVulkanWindow does not always eliminate the need to implement a fully
31	custom QWindow subclass as it will not necessarily be sufficient in advanced
32	use cases.
33
34	QVulkanWindow can be embedded into QWidget-based user interfaces via
35	QWidget::createWindowContainer(). This approach has a number of limitations,
36	however. Make sure to study the
37	\l{QWidget::createWindowContainer()}{documentation} first.
38
39	A typical application using QVulkanWindow may look like the following:
40
41	\snippet code/src_gui_vulkan_qvulkanwindow.cpp 0
42
43	As it can be seen in the example, the main patterns in QVulkanWindow usage are:
44
45	\list
46
47	\li The QVulkanInstance is associated via QWindow::setVulkanInstance(). It is
48	then retrievable via QWindow::vulkanInstance() from everywhere, on any
49	thread.
50
51	\li Similarly to QVulkanInstance, device extensions can be queried via
52	supportedDeviceExtensions() before the actual initialization. Requesting an
53	extension to be enabled is done via setDeviceExtensions(). Such calls must be
54	made before the window becomes visible, that is, before calling show() or
55	similar functions. Unsupported extension requests are gracefully ignored.
56
57	\li The renderer is implemented in a QVulkanWindowRenderer subclass, an
58	instance of which is created in the createRenderer() factory function.
59
60	\li The core Vulkan commands are exposed via the QVulkanFunctions object,
61	retrievable by calling QVulkanInstance::functions(). Device level functions
62	are available after creating a VkDevice by calling
63	QVulkanInstance::deviceFunctions().
64
65	\li The building of the draw calls for the next frame happens in
66	QVulkanWindowRenderer::startNextFrame(). The implementation is expected to
67	add commands to the command buffer returned from currentCommandBuffer().
68	Returning from the function does not indicate that the commands are ready for
69	submission. Rather, an explicit call to frameReady() is required. This allows
70	asynchronous generation of commands, possibly on multiple threads. Simple
71	implementations will simply call frameReady() at the end of their
72	QVulkanWindowRenderer::startNextFrame().
73
74	\li The basic Vulkan resources (physical device, graphics queue, a command
75	pool, the window's main command buffer, image formats, etc.) are exposed on
76	the QVulkanWindow via lightweight getter functions. Some of these are for
77	convenience only, and applications are always free to query, create and
78	manage additional resources directly via the Vulkan API.
79
80	\li The renderer lives in the gui/main thread, like the window itself. This
81	thread is then throttled to the presentation rate, similarly to how OpenGL
82	with a swap interval of 1 would behave. However, the renderer implementation
83	is free to utilize multiple threads in any way it sees fit. The accessors
84	like vulkanInstance(), currentCommandBuffer(), etc. can be called from any
85	thread. The submission of the main command buffer, the queueing of present,
86	and the building of the next frame do not start until frameReady() is
87	invoked on the gui/main thread.
88
89	\li When the window is made visible, the content is updated automatically.
90	Further updates can be requested by calling QWindow::requestUpdate(). To
91	render continuously, call requestUpdate() after frameReady().
92
93	\endlist
94
95	For troubleshooting, enable the logging category \c{qt.vulkan}. Critical
96	errors are printed via qWarning() automatically.
97
98	\section1 Coordinate system differences between OpenGL and Vulkan
99
100	There are two notable differences to be aware of: First, with Vulkan Y points
101	down the screen in clip space, while OpenGL uses an upwards pointing Y axis.
102	Second, the standard OpenGL projection matrix assume a near and far plane
103	values of -1 and 1, while Vulkan prefers 0 and 1.
104
105	In order to help applications migrate from OpenGL-based code without having
106	to flip Y coordinates in the vertex data, and to allow using QMatrix4x4
107	functions like QMatrix4x4::perspective() while keeping the Vulkan viewport's
108	minDepth and maxDepth set to 0 and 1, QVulkanWindow provides a correction
109	matrix retrievable by calling clipCorrectionMatrix().
110
111	\section1 Multisampling
112
113	While disabled by default, multisample antialiasing is fully supported by
114	QVulkanWindow. Additional color buffers and resolving into the swapchain's
115	non-multisample buffers are all managed automatically.
116
117	To query the supported sample counts, call supportedSampleCounts(). When the
118	returned set contains 4, 8, ..., passing one of those values to setSampleCount()
119	requests multisample rendering.
120
121	\note unlike QSurfaceFormat::setSamples(), the list of supported sample
122	counts are exposed to the applications in advance and there is no automatic
123	falling back to lower sample counts in setSampleCount(). If the requested value
124	is not supported, a warning is shown and a no multisampling will be used.
125
126	\section1 Reading images back
127
128	When supportsGrab() returns true, QVulkanWindow can perform readbacks from
129	the color buffer into a QImage. grab() is a slow and inefficient operation,
130	so frequent usage should be avoided. It is nonetheless valuable since it
131	allows applications to take screenshots, or tools and tests to process and
132	verify the output of the GPU rendering.
133
134	\section1 sRGB support
135
136	While many applications will be fine with the default behavior of
137	QVulkanWindow when it comes to swapchain image formats,
138	setPreferredColorFormats() allows requesting a pre-defined format. This is
139	useful most notably when working in the sRGB color space. Passing a format
140	like \c{VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB} results in choosing an sRGB format, when
141	available.
142
143	\section1 Validation layers
144
145	During application development it can be extremely valuable to have the
146	Vulkan validation layers enabled. As shown in the example code above, calling
147	QVulkanInstance::setLayers() on the QVulkanInstance before
148	QVulkanInstance::create() enables validation, assuming the Vulkan driver
149	stack in the system contains the necessary layers.
150
151	\note Be aware of platform-specific differences. On desktop platforms
152	installing the \l{https://www.lunarg.com/vulkan-sdk/}{Vulkan SDK} is
153	typically sufficient. However, Android for example requires deploying
154	additional shared libraries together with the application, and also mandates
155	a different list of validation layer names. See
156	\l{https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/graphics/validation-layer.html}{the
157	Android Vulkan development pages} for more information.
158
159	\note QVulkanWindow does not expose device layers since this functionality
160	has been deprecated since version 1.0.13 of the Vulkan API.
161
162	\section1 Layers, device features, and extensions
163
164	To enable instance layers, call QVulkanInstance::setLayers() before creating
165	the QVulkanInstance. To query what instance layer are available, call
166	QVulkanInstance::supportedLayers().
167
168	To enable device extensions, call setDeviceExtensions() early on when setting
169	up the QVulkanWindow. To query what device extensions are available, call
170	supportedDeviceExtensions().
171
172	Specifying an unsupported layer or extension is handled gracefully: this will
173	not fail instance or device creation, but the layer or extension request is
174	rather ignored.
175
176	When it comes to device features, QVulkanWindow enables all Vulkan 1.0
177	features that are reported as supported from vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures().
178	As an exception to this rule, \c robustBufferAccess is never enabled. Use the
179	callback mechanism described below, if enabling that feature is desired.
180
181	Just enabling the 1.0 core features is not always sufficient, and therefore
182	full control over the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures used for device creation is
183	possible too by registering a callback function with
184	setEnabledFeaturesModifier(). When set, the callback function is invoked,
185	letting it alter the VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures, instead of enabling only the
186	1.0 core features.
187
188	\sa QVulkanInstance, QWindow
189	*/
190
191	/*!
192	\class QVulkanWindowRenderer
193	\inmodule QtGui
194	\since 5.10
195
196	\brief The QVulkanWindowRenderer class is used to implement the
197	application-specific rendering logic for a QVulkanWindow.
198
199	Applications typically subclass both QVulkanWindow and QVulkanWindowRenderer.
200	The former allows handling events, for example, input, while the latter allows
201	implementing the Vulkan resource management and command buffer building that
202	make up the application's rendering.
203
204	In addition to event handling, the QVulkanWindow subclass is responsible for
205	providing an implementation for QVulkanWindow::createRenderer() as well. This
206	is where the window and renderer get connected. A typical implementation will
207	simply create a new instance of a subclass of QVulkanWindowRenderer.
208	*/
209
210	/*!
211	Constructs a new QVulkanWindow with the given \a parent.
212
213	The surface type is set to QSurface::VulkanSurface.
214	*/
215	QVulkanWindow::QVulkanWindow(QWindow *parent)
216	: QWindow(*(new QVulkanWindowPrivate), parent)
217	{
218	setSurfaceType(QSurface::VulkanSurface);
219	}
220
221	/*!
222	Destructor.
223	*/
224	QVulkanWindow::~QVulkanWindow()
225	{
226	}
227
228	QVulkanWindowPrivate::~QVulkanWindowPrivate()
229	{
230	// graphics resource cleanup is already done at this point due to
231	// QPlatformSurfaceEvent::SurfaceAboutToBeDestroyed
232
233	delete renderer;
234	}
235
236	/*!
237	\enum QVulkanWindow::Flag
238
239	This enum describes the flags that can be passed to setFlags().
240
241	\value PersistentResources Ensures no graphics resources are released when
242	the window becomes unexposed. The default behavior is to release
243	everything, and reinitialize later when becoming visible again.
244	*/
245
246	/*!
247	Configures the behavior based on the provided \a flags.
248
249	\note This function must be called before the window is made visible or at
250	latest in QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources(), and has no effect if
251	called afterwards.
252	*/
253	void QVulkanWindow::setFlags(Flags flags)
254	{
255	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
256	if (d->status != QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusUninitialized) {
257	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to set flags when already initialized");
258	return;
259	}
260	d->flags = flags;
261	}
262
263	/*!
264	Return the requested flags.
265	*/
266	QVulkanWindow::Flags QVulkanWindow::flags() const
267	{
268	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
269	return d->flags;
270	}
271
272	/*!
273	Returns the list of properties for the supported physical devices in the system.
274
275	\note This function can be called before making the window visible.
276	*/
277	QList<VkPhysicalDeviceProperties> QVulkanWindow::availablePhysicalDevices()
278	{
279	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
280	if (!d->physDevs.isEmpty() && !d->physDevProps.isEmpty())
281	return d->physDevProps;
282
283	QVulkanInstance *inst = vulkanInstance();
284	if (!inst) {
285	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call availablePhysicalDevices() without a QVulkanInstance");
286	return d->physDevProps;
287	}
288
289	QVulkanFunctions *f = inst->functions();
290	uint32_t count = 1;
291	VkResult err = f->vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst->vkInstance(), &count, nullptr);
292	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
293	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to get physical device count: %d", err);
294	return d->physDevProps;
295	}
296
297	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "%d physical devices", count);
298	if (!count)
299	return d->physDevProps;
300
301	QList<VkPhysicalDevice> devs(count);
302	err = f->vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(inst->vkInstance(), &count, devs.data());
303	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
304	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to enumerate physical devices: %d", err);
305	return d->physDevProps;
306	}
307
308	d->physDevs = devs;
309	d->physDevProps.resize(size: count);
310	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
311	VkPhysicalDeviceProperties *p = &d->physDevProps[i];
312	f->vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(d->physDevs.at(i), p);
313	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Physical device [%d]: name '%s' version %d.%d.%d", i, p->deviceName,
314	VK_VERSION_MAJOR(p->driverVersion), VK_VERSION_MINOR(p->driverVersion),
315	VK_VERSION_PATCH(p->driverVersion));
316	}
317
318	return d->physDevProps;
319	}
320
321	/*!
322	Requests the usage of the physical device with index \a idx. The index
323	corresponds to the list returned from availablePhysicalDevices().
324
325	By default the first physical device is used.
326
327	\note This function must be called before the window is made visible or at
328	latest in QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources(), and has no effect if
329	called afterwards.
330	*/
331	void QVulkanWindow::setPhysicalDeviceIndex(int idx)
332	{
333	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
334	if (d->status != QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusUninitialized) {
335	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to set physical device when already initialized");
336	return;
337	}
338	const int count = availablePhysicalDevices().size();
339	if (idx < 0 || idx >= count) {
340	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Invalid physical device index %d (total physical devices: %d)", idx, count);
341	return;
342	}
343	d->physDevIndex = idx;
344	}
345
346	/*!
347	Returns the list of the extensions that are supported by logical devices
348	created from the physical device selected by setPhysicalDeviceIndex().
349
350	\note This function can be called before making the window visible.
351	*/
352	QVulkanInfoVector<QVulkanExtension> QVulkanWindow::supportedDeviceExtensions()
353	{
354	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
355
356	availablePhysicalDevices();
357
358	if (d->physDevs.isEmpty()) {
359	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: No physical devices found");
360	return QVulkanInfoVector<QVulkanExtension>();
361	}
362
363	VkPhysicalDevice physDev = d->physDevs.at(i: d->physDevIndex);
364	if (d->supportedDevExtensions.contains(key: physDev))
365	return d->supportedDevExtensions.value(key: physDev);
366
367	QVulkanFunctions *f = vulkanInstance()->functions();
368	uint32_t count = 0;
369	VkResult err = f->vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physDev, nullptr, &count, nullptr);
370	if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
371	QList<VkExtensionProperties> extProps(count);
372	err = f->vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(physDev, nullptr, &count, extProps.data());
373	if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
374	QVulkanInfoVector<QVulkanExtension> exts;
375	for (const VkExtensionProperties &prop : extProps) {
376	QVulkanExtension ext;
377	ext.name = prop.extensionName;
378	ext.version = prop.specVersion;
379	exts.append(t: ext);
380	}
381	d->supportedDevExtensions.insert(key: physDev, value: exts);
382	qDebug(catFunc: lcGuiVk) << "Supported device extensions:" << exts;
383	return exts;
384	}
385	}
386
387	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to query device extension count: %d", err);
388	return QVulkanInfoVector<QVulkanExtension>();
389	}
390
391	/*!
392	Sets the list of device \a extensions to be enabled.
393
394	Unsupported extensions are ignored.
395
396	The swapchain extension will always be added automatically, no need to
397	include it in this list.
398
399	\note This function must be called before the window is made visible or at
400	latest in QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources(), and has no effect if
401	called afterwards.
402	*/
403	void QVulkanWindow::setDeviceExtensions(const QByteArrayList &extensions)
404	{
405	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
406	if (d->status != QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusUninitialized) {
407	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to set device extensions when already initialized");
408	return;
409	}
410	d->requestedDevExtensions = extensions;
411	}
412
413	/*!
414	Sets the preferred \a formats of the swapchain.
415
416	By default no application-preferred format is set. In this case the
417	surface's preferred format will be used or, in absence of that,
418	\c{VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM}.
419
420	The list in \a formats is ordered. If the first format is not supported,
421	the second will be considered, and so on. When no formats in the list are
422	supported, the behavior is the same as in the default case.
423
424	To query the actual format after initialization, call colorFormat().
425
426	\note This function must be called before the window is made visible or at
427	latest in QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources(), and has no effect if
428	called afterwards.
429
430	\note Reimplementing QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources() allows
431	dynamically examining the list of supported formats, should that be
432	desired. There the surface is retrievable via
433	QVulkanInstace::surfaceForWindow(), while this function can still safely be
434	called to affect the later stages of initialization.
435
436	\sa colorFormat()
437	*/
438	void QVulkanWindow::setPreferredColorFormats(const QList<VkFormat> &formats)
439	{
440	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
441	if (d->status != QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusUninitialized) {
442	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to set preferred color format when already initialized");
443	return;
444	}
445	d->requestedColorFormats = formats;
446	}
447
448	static struct {
449	VkSampleCountFlagBits mask;
450	int count;
451	} q_vk_sampleCounts[] = {
452	// keep this sorted by 'count'
453	{ .mask: VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, .count: 1 },
454	{ .mask: VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT, .count: 2 },
455	{ .mask: VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT, .count: 4 },
456	{ .mask: VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT, .count: 8 },
457	{ .mask: VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT, .count: 16 },
458	{ .mask: VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT, .count: 32 },
459	{ .mask: VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT, .count: 64 }
460	};
461
462	/*!
463	Returns the set of supported sample counts when using the physical device
464	selected by setPhysicalDeviceIndex(), as a sorted list.
465
466	By default QVulkanWindow uses a sample count of 1. By calling setSampleCount()
467	with a different value (2, 4, 8, ...) from the set returned by this
468	function, multisample anti-aliasing can be requested.
469
470	\note This function can be called before making the window visible.
471
472	\sa setSampleCount()
473	*/
474	QList<int> QVulkanWindow::supportedSampleCounts()
475	{
476	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
477	QList<int> result;
478
479	availablePhysicalDevices();
480
481	if (d->physDevs.isEmpty()) {
482	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: No physical devices found");
483	return result;
484	}
485
486	const VkPhysicalDeviceLimits *limits = &d->physDevProps[d->physDevIndex].limits;
487	VkSampleCountFlags color = limits->framebufferColorSampleCounts;
488	VkSampleCountFlags depth = limits->framebufferDepthSampleCounts;
489	VkSampleCountFlags stencil = limits->framebufferStencilSampleCounts;
490
491	for (const auto &qvk_sampleCount : q_vk_sampleCounts) {
492	if ((color & qvk_sampleCount.mask)
493	&& (depth & qvk_sampleCount.mask)
494	&& (stencil & qvk_sampleCount.mask))
495	{
496	result.append(t: qvk_sampleCount.count);
497	}
498	}
499
500	return result;
501	}
502
503	/*!
504	Requests multisample antialiasing with the given \a sampleCount. The valid
505	values are 1, 2, 4, 8, ... up until the maximum value supported by the
506	physical device.
507
508	When the sample count is greater than 1, QVulkanWindow will create a
509	multisample color buffer instead of simply targeting the swapchain's
510	images. The rendering in the multisample buffer will get resolved into the
511	non-multisample buffers at the end of each frame.
512
513	To examine the list of supported sample counts, call supportedSampleCounts().
514
515	When setting up the rendering pipeline, call sampleCountFlagBits() to query the
516	active sample count as a \c VkSampleCountFlagBits value.
517
518	\note This function must be called before the window is made visible or at
519	latest in QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources(), and has no effect if
520	called afterwards.
521
522	\sa supportedSampleCounts(), sampleCountFlagBits()
523	*/
524	void QVulkanWindow::setSampleCount(int sampleCount)
525	{
526	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
527	if (d->status != QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusUninitialized) {
528	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to set sample count when already initialized");
529	return;
530	}
531
532	// Stay compatible with QSurfaceFormat and friends where samples == 0 means the same as 1.
533	sampleCount = qBound(min: 1, val: sampleCount, max: 64);
534
535	if (!supportedSampleCounts().contains(t: sampleCount)) {
536	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to set unsupported sample count %d", sampleCount);
537	return;
538	}
539
540	for (const auto &qvk_sampleCount : q_vk_sampleCounts) {
541	if (qvk_sampleCount.count == sampleCount) {
542	d->sampleCount = qvk_sampleCount.mask;
543	return;
544	}
545	}
546
547	Q_UNREACHABLE();
548	}
549
550	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::init()
551	{
552	Q_Q(QVulkanWindow);
553	Q_ASSERT(status == StatusUninitialized);
554
555	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "QVulkanWindow init");
556
557	inst = q->vulkanInstance();
558	if (!inst) {
559	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to initialize without a QVulkanInstance");
560	// This is a simple user error, recheck on the next expose instead of
561	// going into the permanent failure state.
562	status = StatusFailRetry;
563	return;
564	}
565
566	if (!renderer)
567	renderer = q->createRenderer();
568
569	surface = QVulkanInstance::surfaceForWindow(window: q);
570	if (surface == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
571	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to retrieve Vulkan surface for window");
572	status = StatusFailRetry;
573	return;
574	}
575
576	q->availablePhysicalDevices();
577
578	if (physDevs.isEmpty()) {
579	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: No physical devices found");
580	status = StatusFail;
581	return;
582	}
583
584	if (physDevIndex < 0 || physDevIndex >= physDevs.size()) {
585	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Invalid physical device index; defaulting to 0");
586	physDevIndex = 0;
587	}
588	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Using physical device [%d]", physDevIndex);
589
590	// Give a last chance to do decisions based on the physical device and the surface.
591	if (renderer)
592	renderer->preInitResources();
593
594	VkPhysicalDevice physDev = physDevs.at(i: physDevIndex);
595	QVulkanFunctions *f = inst->functions();
596
597	uint32_t queueCount = 0;
598	f->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physDev, &queueCount, nullptr);
599	QList<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilyProps(queueCount);
600	f->vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physDev, &queueCount, queueFamilyProps.data());
601	gfxQueueFamilyIdx = uint32_t(-1);
602	presQueueFamilyIdx = uint32_t(-1);
603	for (int i = 0; i < queueFamilyProps.size(); ++i) {
604	const bool supportsPresent = inst->supportsPresent(physicalDevice: physDev, queueFamilyIndex: i, window: q);
605	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "queue family %d: flags=0x%x count=%d supportsPresent=%d", i,
606	queueFamilyProps[i].queueFlags, queueFamilyProps[i].queueCount, supportsPresent);
607	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx == uint32_t(-1)
608	&& (queueFamilyProps[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT)
609	&& supportsPresent)
610	gfxQueueFamilyIdx = i;
611	}
612	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx != uint32_t(-1)) {
613	presQueueFamilyIdx = gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
614	} else {
615	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "No queue with graphics+present; trying separate queues");
616	for (int i = 0; i < queueFamilyProps.size(); ++i) {
617	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx == uint32_t(-1) && (queueFamilyProps[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT))
618	gfxQueueFamilyIdx = i;
619	if (presQueueFamilyIdx == uint32_t(-1) && inst->supportsPresent(physicalDevice: physDev, queueFamilyIndex: i, window: q))
620	presQueueFamilyIdx = i;
621	}
622	}
623	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx == uint32_t(-1)) {
624	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: No graphics queue family found");
625	status = StatusFail;
626	return;
627	}
628	if (presQueueFamilyIdx == uint32_t(-1)) {
629	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: No present queue family found");
630	status = StatusFail;
631	return;
632	}
633	#ifdef QT_DEBUG
634	// allow testing the separate present queue case in debug builds on AMD cards
635	if (qEnvironmentVariableIsSet(varName: "QT_VK_PRESENT_QUEUE_INDEX"))
636	presQueueFamilyIdx = qEnvironmentVariableIntValue(varName: "QT_VK_PRESENT_QUEUE_INDEX");
637	#endif
638	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Using queue families: graphics = %u present = %u", gfxQueueFamilyIdx, presQueueFamilyIdx);
639
640	QList<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueInfo;
641	queueInfo.reserve(size: 2);
642	const float prio[] = { 0 };
643	VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo addQueueInfo;
644	memset(s: &addQueueInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(addQueueInfo));
645	addQueueInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
646	addQueueInfo.queueFamilyIndex = gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
647	addQueueInfo.queueCount = 1;
648	addQueueInfo.pQueuePriorities = prio;
649	queueInfo.append(t: addQueueInfo);
650	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx != presQueueFamilyIdx) {
651	addQueueInfo.queueFamilyIndex = presQueueFamilyIdx;
652	addQueueInfo.queueCount = 1;
653	addQueueInfo.pQueuePriorities = prio;
654	queueInfo.append(t: addQueueInfo);
655	}
656	if (queueCreateInfoModifier) {
657	queueCreateInfoModifier(queueFamilyProps.constData(), queueCount, queueInfo);
658	bool foundGfxQueue = false;
659	bool foundPresQueue = false;
660	for (const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo& createInfo : std::as_const(t&: queueInfo)) {
661	foundGfxQueue |= createInfo.queueFamilyIndex == gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
662	foundPresQueue |= createInfo.queueFamilyIndex == presQueueFamilyIdx;
663	}
664	if (!foundGfxQueue) {
665	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Graphics queue missing after call to queueCreateInfoModifier");
666	status = StatusFail;
667	return;
668	}
669	if (!foundPresQueue) {
670	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Present queue missing after call to queueCreateInfoModifier");
671	status = StatusFail;
672	return;
673	}
674	}
675
676	// Filter out unsupported extensions in order to keep symmetry
677	// with how QVulkanInstance behaves. Add the swapchain extension.
678	QList<const char *> devExts;
679	QVulkanInfoVector<QVulkanExtension> supportedExtensions = q->supportedDeviceExtensions();
680	QByteArrayList reqExts = requestedDevExtensions;
681	reqExts.append(t: "VK_KHR_swapchain");
682
683	QByteArray envExts = qgetenv(varName: "QT_VULKAN_DEVICE_EXTENSIONS");
684	if (!envExts.isEmpty()) {
685	QByteArrayList envExtList = envExts.split(sep: ';');
686	for (auto ext : reqExts)
687	envExtList.removeAll(t: ext);
688	reqExts.append(l: envExtList);
689	}
690
691	for (const QByteArray &ext : reqExts) {
692	if (supportedExtensions.contains(name: ext))
693	devExts.append(t: ext.constData());
694	}
695	qCDebug(lcGuiVk) << "Enabling device extensions:" << devExts;
696
697	VkDeviceCreateInfo devInfo;
698	memset(s: &devInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(devInfo));
699	devInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
700	devInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = queueInfo.size();
701	devInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueInfo.constData();
702	devInfo.enabledExtensionCount = devExts.size();
703	devInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = devExts.constData();
704
705	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features;
706	memset(s: &features, c: 0, n: sizeof(features));
707	if (enabledFeaturesModifier) {
708	enabledFeaturesModifier(features);
709	} else {
710	// Enable all supported 1.0 core features, except ones that likely
711	// involve a performance penalty.
712	f->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(physDev, &features);
713	features.robustBufferAccess = VK_FALSE;
714	}
715	devInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &features;
716
717	// Device layers are not supported by QVulkanWindow since that's an already deprecated
718	// API. However, have a workaround for systems with older API and layers (f.ex. L4T
719	// 24.2 for the Jetson TX1 provides API 1.0.13 and crashes when the validation layer
720	// is enabled for the instance but not the device).
721	uint32_t apiVersion = physDevProps[physDevIndex].apiVersion;
722	if (VK_VERSION_MAJOR(apiVersion) == 1
723	&& VK_VERSION_MINOR(apiVersion) == 0
724	&& VK_VERSION_PATCH(apiVersion) <= 13)
725	{
726	// Make standard validation work at least.
727	const QByteArray stdValName = QByteArrayLiteral("VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation");
728	const char *stdValNamePtr = stdValName.constData();
729	if (inst->layers().contains(t: stdValName)) {
730	uint32_t count = 0;
731	VkResult err = f->vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties(physDev, &count, nullptr);
732	if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
733	QList<VkLayerProperties> layerProps(count);
734	err = f->vkEnumerateDeviceLayerProperties(physDev, &count, layerProps.data());
735	if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
736	for (const VkLayerProperties &prop : layerProps) {
737	if (!strncmp(s1: prop.layerName, s2: stdValNamePtr, n: stdValName.size())) {
738	devInfo.enabledLayerCount = 1;
739	devInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = &stdValNamePtr;
740	break;
741	}
742	}
743	}
744	}
745	}
746	}
747
748	VkResult err = f->vkCreateDevice(physDev, &devInfo, nullptr, &dev);
749	if (err == VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST) {
750	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Physical device lost");
751	if (renderer)
752	renderer->physicalDeviceLost();
753	// clear the caches so the list of physical devices is re-queried
754	physDevs.clear();
755	physDevProps.clear();
756	status = StatusUninitialized;
757	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Attempting to restart in 2 seconds");
758	QTimer::singleShot(interval: 2000, receiver: q, slot: [this]() { ensureStarted(); });
759	return;
760	}
761	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
762	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create device: %d", err);
763	status = StatusFail;
764	return;
765	}
766
767	devFuncs = inst->deviceFunctions(device: dev);
768	Q_ASSERT(devFuncs);
769
770	devFuncs->vkGetDeviceQueue(dev, gfxQueueFamilyIdx, 0, &gfxQueue);
771	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx == presQueueFamilyIdx)
772	presQueue = gfxQueue;
773	else
774	devFuncs->vkGetDeviceQueue(dev, presQueueFamilyIdx, 0, &presQueue);
775
776	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo;
777	memset(s: &poolInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(poolInfo));
778	poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
779	poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
780	err = devFuncs->vkCreateCommandPool(dev, &poolInfo, nullptr, &cmdPool);
781	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
782	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create command pool: %d", err);
783	status = StatusFail;
784	return;
785	}
786	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx != presQueueFamilyIdx) {
787	poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = presQueueFamilyIdx;
788	err = devFuncs->vkCreateCommandPool(dev, &poolInfo, nullptr, &presCmdPool);
789	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
790	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create command pool for present queue: %d", err);
791	status = StatusFail;
792	return;
793	}
794	}
795
796	hostVisibleMemIndex = 0;
797	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties physDevMemProps;
798	bool hostVisibleMemIndexSet = false;
799	f->vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physDev, &physDevMemProps);
800	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < physDevMemProps.memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
801	const VkMemoryType *memType = physDevMemProps.memoryTypes;
802	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "memtype %d: flags=0x%x", i, memType[i].propertyFlags);
803	// Find a host visible, host coherent memtype. If there is one that is
804	// cached as well (in addition to being coherent), prefer that.
805	const int hostVisibleAndCoherent = VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT | VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT;
806	if ((memType[i].propertyFlags & hostVisibleAndCoherent) == hostVisibleAndCoherent) {
807	if (!hostVisibleMemIndexSet
808	|| (memType[i].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_CACHED_BIT)) {
809	hostVisibleMemIndexSet = true;
810	hostVisibleMemIndex = i;
811	}
812	}
813	}
814	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Picked memtype %d for host visible memory", hostVisibleMemIndex);
815	deviceLocalMemIndex = 0;
816	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < physDevMemProps.memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
817	const VkMemoryType *memType = physDevMemProps.memoryTypes;
818	// Just pick the first device local memtype.
819	if (memType[i].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) {
820	deviceLocalMemIndex = i;
821	break;
822	}
823	}
824	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Picked memtype %d for device local memory", deviceLocalMemIndex);
825
826	if (!vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR || !vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR) {
827	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR>(
828	inst->getInstanceProcAddr(name: "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR"));
829	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR>(
830	inst->getInstanceProcAddr(name: "vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR"));
831	if (!vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR || !vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR) {
832	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Physical device surface queries not available");
833	status = StatusFail;
834	return;
835	}
836	}
837
838	// Figure out the color format here. Must not wait until recreateSwapChain()
839	// because the renderpass should be available already from initResources (so
840	// that apps do not have to defer pipeline creation to
841	// initSwapChainResources), but the renderpass needs the final color format.
842
843	uint32_t formatCount = 0;
844	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physDev, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
845	QList<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats(formatCount);
846	if (formatCount)
847	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physDev, surface, &formatCount, formats.data());
848
849	colorFormat = VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM; // our documented default if all else fails
850	colorSpace = VkColorSpaceKHR(0); // this is in fact VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR
851
852	// Pick the preferred format, if there is one.
853	if (!formats.isEmpty() && formats[0].format != VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED) {
854	colorFormat = formats[0].format;
855	colorSpace = formats[0].colorSpace;
856	}
857
858	// Try to honor the user request.
859	if (!formats.isEmpty() && !requestedColorFormats.isEmpty()) {
860	for (VkFormat reqFmt : std::as_const(t&: requestedColorFormats)) {
861	auto r = std::find_if(first: formats.cbegin(), last: formats.cend(),
862	pred: [reqFmt](const VkSurfaceFormatKHR &sfmt) { return sfmt.format == reqFmt; });
863	if (r != formats.cend()) {
864	colorFormat = r->format;
865	colorSpace = r->colorSpace;
866	break;
867	}
868	}
869	}
870
871	const VkFormat dsFormatCandidates[] = {
872	VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT,
873	VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT,
874	VK_FORMAT_D16_UNORM_S8_UINT
875	};
876	const int dsFormatCandidateCount = sizeof(dsFormatCandidates) / sizeof(VkFormat);
877	int dsFormatIdx = 0;
878	while (dsFormatIdx < dsFormatCandidateCount) {
879	dsFormat = dsFormatCandidates[dsFormatIdx];
880	VkFormatProperties fmtProp;
881	f->vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physDev, dsFormat, &fmtProp);
882	if (fmtProp.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT)
883	break;
884	++dsFormatIdx;
885	}
886	if (dsFormatIdx == dsFormatCandidateCount)
887	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to find an optimal depth-stencil format");
888
889	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Color format: %d Depth-stencil format: %d", colorFormat, dsFormat);
890
891	if (!createDefaultRenderPass())
892	return;
893
894	if (renderer)
895	renderer->initResources();
896
897	status = StatusDeviceReady;
898	}
899
900	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::reset()
901	{
902	if (!dev) // do not rely on 'status', a half done init must be cleaned properly too
903	return;
904
905	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "QVulkanWindow reset");
906
907	devFuncs->vkDeviceWaitIdle(dev);
908
909	if (renderer) {
910	renderer->releaseResources();
911	devFuncs->vkDeviceWaitIdle(dev);
912	}
913
914	if (defaultRenderPass) {
915	devFuncs->vkDestroyRenderPass(dev, defaultRenderPass, nullptr);
916	defaultRenderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
917	}
918
919	if (cmdPool) {
920	devFuncs->vkDestroyCommandPool(dev, cmdPool, nullptr);
921	cmdPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
922	}
923
924	if (presCmdPool) {
925	devFuncs->vkDestroyCommandPool(dev, presCmdPool, nullptr);
926	presCmdPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
927	}
928
929	if (frameGrabImage) {
930	devFuncs->vkDestroyImage(dev, frameGrabImage, nullptr);
931	frameGrabImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
932	}
933
934	if (frameGrabImageMem) {
935	devFuncs->vkFreeMemory(dev, frameGrabImageMem, nullptr);
936	frameGrabImageMem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
937	}
938
939	if (dev) {
940	devFuncs->vkDestroyDevice(dev, nullptr);
941	inst->resetDeviceFunctions(device: dev);
942	dev = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
943	vkCreateSwapchainKHR = nullptr; // re-resolve swapchain funcs later on since some come via the device
944	}
945
946	surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
947
948	status = StatusUninitialized;
949	}
950
951	bool QVulkanWindowPrivate::createDefaultRenderPass()
952	{
953	VkAttachmentDescription attDesc[3];
954	memset(s: attDesc, c: 0, n: sizeof(attDesc));
955
956	const bool msaa = sampleCount > VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
957
958	// This is either the non-msaa render target or the resolve target.
959	attDesc[0].format = colorFormat;
960	attDesc[0].samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
961	attDesc[0].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR; // ignored when msaa
962	attDesc[0].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
963	attDesc[0].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
964	attDesc[0].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
965	attDesc[0].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
966	attDesc[0].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
967
968	attDesc[1].format = dsFormat;
969	attDesc[1].samples = sampleCount;
970	attDesc[1].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
971	attDesc[1].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
972	attDesc[1].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
973	attDesc[1].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
974	attDesc[1].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
975	attDesc[1].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
976
977	if (msaa) {
978	// msaa render target
979	attDesc[2].format = colorFormat;
980	attDesc[2].samples = sampleCount;
981	attDesc[2].loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
982	attDesc[2].storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
983	attDesc[2].stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
984	attDesc[2].stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
985	attDesc[2].initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
986	attDesc[2].finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;
987	}
988
989	VkAttachmentReference colorRef = { .attachment: 0, .layout: VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL };
990	VkAttachmentReference resolveRef = { .attachment: 0, .layout: VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL };
991	VkAttachmentReference dsRef = { .attachment: 1, .layout: VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL };
992
993	VkSubpassDescription subPassDesc;
994	memset(s: &subPassDesc, c: 0, n: sizeof(subPassDesc));
995	subPassDesc.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
996	subPassDesc.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
997	subPassDesc.pColorAttachments = &colorRef;
998	subPassDesc.pDepthStencilAttachment = &dsRef;
999
1000	VkRenderPassCreateInfo rpInfo;
1001	memset(s: &rpInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(rpInfo));
1002	rpInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
1003	rpInfo.attachmentCount = 2;
1004	rpInfo.pAttachments = attDesc;
1005	rpInfo.subpassCount = 1;
1006	rpInfo.pSubpasses = &subPassDesc;
1007
1008	if (msaa) {
1009	colorRef.attachment = 2;
1010	subPassDesc.pResolveAttachments = &resolveRef;
1011	rpInfo.attachmentCount = 3;
1012	}
1013
1014	VkResult err = devFuncs->vkCreateRenderPass(dev, &rpInfo, nullptr, &defaultRenderPass);
1015	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1016	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create renderpass: %d", err);
1017	return false;
1018	}
1019
1020	return true;
1021	}
1022
1023	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::recreateSwapChain()
1024	{
1025	Q_Q(QVulkanWindow);
1026	Q_ASSERT(status >= StatusDeviceReady);
1027
1028	swapChainImageSize = q->size() * q->devicePixelRatio(); // note: may change below due to surfaceCaps
1029
1030	if (swapChainImageSize.isEmpty()) // handle null window size gracefully
1031	return;
1032
1033	QVulkanInstance *inst = q->vulkanInstance();
1034	QVulkanFunctions *f = inst->functions();
1035	devFuncs->vkDeviceWaitIdle(dev);
1036
1037	if (!vkCreateSwapchainKHR) {
1038	vkCreateSwapchainKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkCreateSwapchainKHR>(f->vkGetDeviceProcAddr(dev, "vkCreateSwapchainKHR"));
1039	vkDestroySwapchainKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkDestroySwapchainKHR>(f->vkGetDeviceProcAddr(dev, "vkDestroySwapchainKHR"));
1040	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR>(f->vkGetDeviceProcAddr(dev, "vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR"));
1041	vkAcquireNextImageKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkAcquireNextImageKHR>(f->vkGetDeviceProcAddr(dev, "vkAcquireNextImageKHR"));
1042	vkQueuePresentKHR = reinterpret_cast<PFN_vkQueuePresentKHR>(f->vkGetDeviceProcAddr(dev, "vkQueuePresentKHR"));
1043	}
1044
1045	VkPhysicalDevice physDev = physDevs.at(i: physDevIndex);
1046	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surfaceCaps;
1047	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physDev, surface, &surfaceCaps);
1048	uint32_t reqBufferCount;
1049	if (surfaceCaps.maxImageCount == 0)
1050	reqBufferCount = qMax<uint32_t>(a: 2, b: surfaceCaps.minImageCount);
1051	else
1052	reqBufferCount = qMax(a: qMin<uint32_t>(a: surfaceCaps.maxImageCount, b: 3), b: surfaceCaps.minImageCount);
1053
1054	VkExtent2D bufferSize = surfaceCaps.currentExtent;
1055	if (bufferSize.width == uint32_t(-1)) {
1056	Q_ASSERT(bufferSize.height == uint32_t(-1));
1057	bufferSize.width = swapChainImageSize.width();
1058	bufferSize.height = swapChainImageSize.height();
1059	} else {
1060	swapChainImageSize = QSize(bufferSize.width, bufferSize.height);
1061	}
1062
1063	VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR preTransform =
1064	(surfaceCaps.supportedTransforms & VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR)
1065	? VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR
1066	: surfaceCaps.currentTransform;
1067
1068	VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR compositeAlpha =
1069	(surfaceCaps.supportedCompositeAlpha & VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR)
1070	? VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR
1071	: VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
1072
1073	if (q->requestedFormat().hasAlpha()) {
1074	if (surfaceCaps.supportedCompositeAlpha & VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR)
1075	compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR;
1076	else if (surfaceCaps.supportedCompositeAlpha & VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR)
1077	compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR;
1078	}
1079
1080	VkImageUsageFlags usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
1081	swapChainSupportsReadBack = (surfaceCaps.supportedUsageFlags & VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT);
1082	if (swapChainSupportsReadBack)
1083	usage |= VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT;
1084
1085	VkSwapchainKHR oldSwapChain = swapChain;
1086	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapChainInfo;
1087	memset(s: &swapChainInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(swapChainInfo));
1088	swapChainInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
1089	swapChainInfo.surface = surface;
1090	swapChainInfo.minImageCount = reqBufferCount;
1091	swapChainInfo.imageFormat = colorFormat;
1092	swapChainInfo.imageColorSpace = colorSpace;
1093	swapChainInfo.imageExtent = bufferSize;
1094	swapChainInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
1095	swapChainInfo.imageUsage = usage;
1096	swapChainInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
1097	swapChainInfo.preTransform = preTransform;
1098	swapChainInfo.compositeAlpha = compositeAlpha;
1099	swapChainInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
1100	swapChainInfo.clipped = true;
1101	swapChainInfo.oldSwapchain = oldSwapChain;
1102
1103	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Creating new swap chain of %d buffers, size %dx%d", reqBufferCount, bufferSize.width, bufferSize.height);
1104
1105	VkSwapchainKHR newSwapChain;
1106	VkResult err = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(dev, &swapChainInfo, nullptr, &newSwapChain);
1107	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1108	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create swap chain: %d", err);
1109	return;
1110	}
1111
1112	if (oldSwapChain)
1113	releaseSwapChain();
1114
1115	swapChain = newSwapChain;
1116
1117	uint32_t actualSwapChainBufferCount = 0;
1118	err = vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(dev, swapChain, &actualSwapChainBufferCount, nullptr);
1119	if (err != VK_SUCCESS || actualSwapChainBufferCount < 2) {
1120	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to get swapchain images: %d (count=%d)", err, actualSwapChainBufferCount);
1121	return;
1122	}
1123
1124	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Actual swap chain buffer count: %d (supportsReadback=%d)",
1125	actualSwapChainBufferCount, swapChainSupportsReadBack);
1126	if (actualSwapChainBufferCount > MAX_SWAPCHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT) {
1127	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Too many swapchain buffers (%d)", actualSwapChainBufferCount);
1128	return;
1129	}
1130	swapChainBufferCount = actualSwapChainBufferCount;
1131
1132	VkImage swapChainImages[MAX_SWAPCHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT];
1133	err = vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(dev, swapChain, &actualSwapChainBufferCount, swapChainImages);
1134	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1135	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to get swapchain images: %d", err);
1136	return;
1137	}
1138
1139	if (!createTransientImage(format: dsFormat,
1140	usage: VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
1141	aspectMask: VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT | VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_STENCIL_BIT,
1142	images: &dsImage,
1143	mem: &dsMem,
1144	views: &dsView,
1145	count: 1))
1146	{
1147	return;
1148	}
1149
1150	const bool msaa = sampleCount > VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
1151	VkImage msaaImages[MAX_SWAPCHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT];
1152	VkImageView msaaViews[MAX_SWAPCHAIN_BUFFER_COUNT];
1153
1154	if (msaa) {
1155	if (!createTransientImage(format: colorFormat,
1156	usage: VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT,
1157	aspectMask: VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
1158	images: msaaImages,
1159	mem: &msaaImageMem,
1160	views: msaaViews,
1161	count: swapChainBufferCount))
1162	{
1163	return;
1164	}
1165	}
1166
1167	VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo = { .sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO, .pNext: nullptr, .flags: VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT };
1168
1169	for (int i = 0; i < swapChainBufferCount; ++i) {
1170	ImageResources &image(imageRes[i]);
1171	image.image = swapChainImages[i];
1172
1173	if (msaa) {
1174	image.msaaImage = msaaImages[i];
1175	image.msaaImageView = msaaViews[i];
1176	}
1177
1178	VkImageViewCreateInfo imgViewInfo;
1179	memset(s: &imgViewInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(imgViewInfo));
1180	imgViewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
1181	imgViewInfo.image = swapChainImages[i];
1182	imgViewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
1183	imgViewInfo.format = colorFormat;
1184	imgViewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
1185	imgViewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
1186	imgViewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
1187	imgViewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
1188	imgViewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
1189	imgViewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = imgViewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
1190	err = devFuncs->vkCreateImageView(dev, &imgViewInfo, nullptr, &image.imageView);
1191	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1192	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create swapchain image view %d: %d", i, err);
1193	return;
1194	}
1195
1196	err = devFuncs->vkCreateFence(dev, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &image.cmdFence);
1197	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1198	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create command buffer fence: %d", err);
1199	return;
1200	}
1201	image.cmdFenceWaitable = true; // fence was created in signaled state
1202
1203	VkImageView views[3] = { image.imageView,
1204	dsView,
1205	msaa ? image.msaaImageView : VK_NULL_HANDLE };
1206	VkFramebufferCreateInfo fbInfo;
1207	memset(s: &fbInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(fbInfo));
1208	fbInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
1209	fbInfo.renderPass = defaultRenderPass;
1210	fbInfo.attachmentCount = msaa ? 3 : 2;
1211	fbInfo.pAttachments = views;
1212	fbInfo.width = swapChainImageSize.width();
1213	fbInfo.height = swapChainImageSize.height();
1214	fbInfo.layers = 1;
1215	VkResult err = devFuncs->vkCreateFramebuffer(dev, &fbInfo, nullptr, &image.fb);
1216	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1217	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create framebuffer: %d", err);
1218	return;
1219	}
1220
1221	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx != presQueueFamilyIdx) {
1222	// pre-build the static image-acquire-on-present-queue command buffer
1223	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufInfo = {
1224	.sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO, .pNext: nullptr, .commandPool: presCmdPool, .level: VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, .commandBufferCount: 1 };
1225	err = devFuncs->vkAllocateCommandBuffers(dev, &cmdBufInfo, &image.presTransCmdBuf);
1226	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1227	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to allocate acquire-on-present-queue command buffer: %d", err);
1228	return;
1229	}
1230	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = {
1231	.sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO, .pNext: nullptr,
1232	.flags: VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT, .pInheritanceInfo: nullptr };
1233	err = devFuncs->vkBeginCommandBuffer(image.presTransCmdBuf, &cmdBufBeginInfo);
1234	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1235	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to begin acquire-on-present-queue command buffer: %d", err);
1236	return;
1237	}
1238	VkImageMemoryBarrier presTrans;
1239	memset(s: &presTrans, c: 0, n: sizeof(presTrans));
1240	presTrans.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
1241	presTrans.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
1242	presTrans.oldLayout = presTrans.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
1243	presTrans.srcQueueFamilyIndex = gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
1244	presTrans.dstQueueFamilyIndex = presQueueFamilyIdx;
1245	presTrans.image = image.image;
1246	presTrans.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
1247	presTrans.subresourceRange.levelCount = presTrans.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
1248	devFuncs->vkCmdPipelineBarrier(image.presTransCmdBuf,
1249	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
1250	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
1251	0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
1252	1, &presTrans);
1253	err = devFuncs->vkEndCommandBuffer(image.presTransCmdBuf);
1254	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1255	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to end acquire-on-present-queue command buffer: %d", err);
1256	return;
1257	}
1258	}
1259	}
1260
1261	currentImage = 0;
1262
1263	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semInfo = { .sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO, .pNext: nullptr, .flags: 0 };
1264	for (int i = 0; i < frameLag; ++i) {
1265	FrameResources &frame(frameRes[i]);
1266
1267	frame.imageAcquired = false;
1268	frame.imageSemWaitable = false;
1269
1270	devFuncs->vkCreateFence(dev, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &frame.fence);
1271	frame.fenceWaitable = true; // fence was created in signaled state
1272
1273	devFuncs->vkCreateSemaphore(dev, &semInfo, nullptr, &frame.imageSem);
1274	devFuncs->vkCreateSemaphore(dev, &semInfo, nullptr, &frame.drawSem);
1275	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx != presQueueFamilyIdx)
1276	devFuncs->vkCreateSemaphore(dev, &semInfo, nullptr, &frame.presTransSem);
1277	}
1278
1279	currentFrame = 0;
1280
1281	if (renderer)
1282	renderer->initSwapChainResources();
1283
1284	status = StatusReady;
1285	}
1286
1287	uint32_t QVulkanWindowPrivate::chooseTransientImageMemType(VkImage img, uint32_t startIndex)
1288	{
1289	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties physDevMemProps;
1290	inst->functions()->vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physDevs[physDevIndex], &physDevMemProps);
1291
1292	VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
1293	devFuncs->vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(dev, img, &memReq);
1294	uint32_t memTypeIndex = uint32_t(-1);
1295
1296	if (memReq.memoryTypeBits) {
1297	// Find a device local + lazily allocated, or at least device local memtype.
1298	const VkMemoryType *memType = physDevMemProps.memoryTypes;
1299	bool foundDevLocal = false;
1300	for (uint32_t i = startIndex; i < physDevMemProps.memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
1301	if (memReq.memoryTypeBits & (1 << i)) {
1302	if (memType[i].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT) {
1303	if (!foundDevLocal) {
1304	foundDevLocal = true;
1305	memTypeIndex = i;
1306	}
1307	if (memType[i].propertyFlags & VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_LAZILY_ALLOCATED_BIT) {
1308	memTypeIndex = i;
1309	break;
1310	}
1311	}
1312	}
1313	}
1314	}
1315
1316	return memTypeIndex;
1317	}
1318
1319	static inline VkDeviceSize aligned(VkDeviceSize v, VkDeviceSize byteAlign)
1320	{
1321	return (v + byteAlign - 1) & ~(byteAlign - 1);
1322	}
1323
1324	bool QVulkanWindowPrivate::createTransientImage(VkFormat format,
1325	VkImageUsageFlags usage,
1326	VkImageAspectFlags aspectMask,
1327	VkImage *images,
1328	VkDeviceMemory *mem,
1329	VkImageView *views,
1330	int count)
1331	{
1332	VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
1333	VkResult err;
1334
1335	Q_ASSERT(count > 0);
1336	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
1337	VkImageCreateInfo imgInfo;
1338	memset(s: &imgInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(imgInfo));
1339	imgInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
1340	imgInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
1341	imgInfo.format = format;
1342	imgInfo.extent.width = swapChainImageSize.width();
1343	imgInfo.extent.height = swapChainImageSize.height();
1344	imgInfo.extent.depth = 1;
1345	imgInfo.mipLevels = imgInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
1346	imgInfo.samples = sampleCount;
1347	imgInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL;
1348	imgInfo.usage = usage | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
1349
1350	err = devFuncs->vkCreateImage(dev, &imgInfo, nullptr, images + i);
1351	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1352	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create image: %d", err);
1353	return false;
1354	}
1355
1356	// Assume the reqs are the same since the images are same in every way.
1357	// Still, call GetImageMemReq for every image, in order to prevent the
1358	// validation layer from complaining.
1359	devFuncs->vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(dev, images[i], &memReq);
1360	}
1361
1362	VkMemoryAllocateInfo memInfo;
1363	memset(s: &memInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(memInfo));
1364	memInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
1365	memInfo.allocationSize = aligned(v: memReq.size, byteAlign: memReq.alignment) * count;
1366
1367	uint32_t startIndex = 0;
1368	do {
1369	memInfo.memoryTypeIndex = chooseTransientImageMemType(img: images[0], startIndex);
1370	if (memInfo.memoryTypeIndex == uint32_t(-1)) {
1371	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: No suitable memory type found");
1372	return false;
1373	}
1374	startIndex = memInfo.memoryTypeIndex + 1;
1375	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Allocating %u bytes for transient image (memtype %u)",
1376	uint32_t(memInfo.allocationSize), memInfo.memoryTypeIndex);
1377	err = devFuncs->vkAllocateMemory(dev, &memInfo, nullptr, mem);
1378	if (err != VK_SUCCESS && err != VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DEVICE_MEMORY) {
1379	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to allocate image memory: %d", err);
1380	return false;
1381	}
1382	} while (err != VK_SUCCESS);
1383
1384	VkDeviceSize ofs = 0;
1385	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
1386	err = devFuncs->vkBindImageMemory(dev, images[i], *mem, ofs);
1387	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1388	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to bind image memory: %d", err);
1389	return false;
1390	}
1391	ofs += aligned(v: memReq.size, byteAlign: memReq.alignment);
1392
1393	VkImageViewCreateInfo imgViewInfo;
1394	memset(s: &imgViewInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(imgViewInfo));
1395	imgViewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
1396	imgViewInfo.image = images[i];
1397	imgViewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
1398	imgViewInfo.format = format;
1399	imgViewInfo.components.r = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_R;
1400	imgViewInfo.components.g = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_G;
1401	imgViewInfo.components.b = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_B;
1402	imgViewInfo.components.a = VK_COMPONENT_SWIZZLE_A;
1403	imgViewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectMask;
1404	imgViewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = imgViewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
1405
1406	err = devFuncs->vkCreateImageView(dev, &imgViewInfo, nullptr, views + i);
1407	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1408	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create image view: %d", err);
1409	return false;
1410	}
1411	}
1412
1413	return true;
1414	}
1415
1416	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::releaseSwapChain()
1417	{
1418	if (!dev || !swapChain) // do not rely on 'status', a half done init must be cleaned properly too
1419	return;
1420
1421	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Releasing swapchain");
1422
1423	devFuncs->vkDeviceWaitIdle(dev);
1424
1425	if (renderer) {
1426	renderer->releaseSwapChainResources();
1427	devFuncs->vkDeviceWaitIdle(dev);
1428	}
1429
1430	for (int i = 0; i < frameLag; ++i) {
1431	FrameResources &frame(frameRes[i]);
1432	if (frame.fence) {
1433	if (frame.fenceWaitable)
1434	devFuncs->vkWaitForFences(dev, 1, &frame.fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
1435	devFuncs->vkDestroyFence(dev, frame.fence, nullptr);
1436	frame.fence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1437	frame.fenceWaitable = false;
1438	}
1439	if (frame.imageSem) {
1440	devFuncs->vkDestroySemaphore(dev, frame.imageSem, nullptr);
1441	frame.imageSem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1442	}
1443	if (frame.drawSem) {
1444	devFuncs->vkDestroySemaphore(dev, frame.drawSem, nullptr);
1445	frame.drawSem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1446	}
1447	if (frame.presTransSem) {
1448	devFuncs->vkDestroySemaphore(dev, frame.presTransSem, nullptr);
1449	frame.presTransSem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1450	}
1451	}
1452
1453	for (int i = 0; i < swapChainBufferCount; ++i) {
1454	ImageResources &image(imageRes[i]);
1455	if (image.cmdFence) {
1456	if (image.cmdFenceWaitable)
1457	devFuncs->vkWaitForFences(dev, 1, &image.cmdFence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
1458	devFuncs->vkDestroyFence(dev, image.cmdFence, nullptr);
1459	image.cmdFence = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1460	image.cmdFenceWaitable = false;
1461	}
1462	if (image.fb) {
1463	devFuncs->vkDestroyFramebuffer(dev, image.fb, nullptr);
1464	image.fb = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1465	}
1466	if (image.imageView) {
1467	devFuncs->vkDestroyImageView(dev, image.imageView, nullptr);
1468	image.imageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1469	}
1470	if (image.cmdBuf) {
1471	devFuncs->vkFreeCommandBuffers(dev, cmdPool, 1, &image.cmdBuf);
1472	image.cmdBuf = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1473	}
1474	if (image.presTransCmdBuf) {
1475	devFuncs->vkFreeCommandBuffers(dev, presCmdPool, 1, &image.presTransCmdBuf);
1476	image.presTransCmdBuf = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1477	}
1478	if (image.msaaImageView) {
1479	devFuncs->vkDestroyImageView(dev, image.msaaImageView, nullptr);
1480	image.msaaImageView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1481	}
1482	if (image.msaaImage) {
1483	devFuncs->vkDestroyImage(dev, image.msaaImage, nullptr);
1484	image.msaaImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1485	}
1486	}
1487
1488	if (msaaImageMem) {
1489	devFuncs->vkFreeMemory(dev, msaaImageMem, nullptr);
1490	msaaImageMem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1491	}
1492
1493	if (dsView) {
1494	devFuncs->vkDestroyImageView(dev, dsView, nullptr);
1495	dsView = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1496	}
1497	if (dsImage) {
1498	devFuncs->vkDestroyImage(dev, dsImage, nullptr);
1499	dsImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1500	}
1501	if (dsMem) {
1502	devFuncs->vkFreeMemory(dev, dsMem, nullptr);
1503	dsMem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1504	}
1505
1506	if (swapChain) {
1507	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(dev, swapChain, nullptr);
1508	swapChain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
1509	}
1510
1511	if (status == StatusReady)
1512	status = StatusDeviceReady;
1513	}
1514
1515	/*!
1516	\internal
1517	*/
1518	void QVulkanWindow::exposeEvent(QExposeEvent *)
1519	{
1520	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
1521
1522	if (isExposed()) {
1523	d->ensureStarted();
1524	} else {
1525	if (!d->flags.testFlag(flag: PersistentResources)) {
1526	d->releaseSwapChain();
1527	d->reset();
1528	}
1529	}
1530	}
1531
1532	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::ensureStarted()
1533	{
1534	Q_Q(QVulkanWindow);
1535	if (status == QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusFailRetry)
1536	status = QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusUninitialized;
1537	if (status == QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusUninitialized) {
1538	init();
1539	if (status == QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusDeviceReady)
1540	recreateSwapChain();
1541	}
1542	if (status == QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusReady)
1543	q->requestUpdate();
1544	}
1545
1546	/*!
1547	\internal
1548	*/
1549	void QVulkanWindow::resizeEvent(QResizeEvent *)
1550	{
1551	// Nothing to do here - recreating the swapchain is handled when building the next frame.
1552	}
1553
1554	/*!
1555	\internal
1556	*/
1557	bool QVulkanWindow::event(QEvent *e)
1558	{
1559	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
1560
1561	switch (e->type()) {
1562	case QEvent::UpdateRequest:
1563	d->beginFrame();
1564	break;
1565
1566	// The swapchain must be destroyed before the surface as per spec. This is
1567	// not ideal for us because the surface is managed by the QPlatformWindow
1568	// which may be gone already when the unexpose comes, making the validation
1569	// layer scream. The solution is to listen to the PlatformSurface events.
1570	case QEvent::PlatformSurface:
1571	if (static_cast<QPlatformSurfaceEvent *>(e)->surfaceEventType() == QPlatformSurfaceEvent::SurfaceAboutToBeDestroyed) {
1572	d->releaseSwapChain();
1573	d->reset();
1574	}
1575	break;
1576
1577	default:
1578	break;
1579	}
1580
1581	return QWindow::event(e);
1582	}
1583
1584	/*!
1585	\typedef QVulkanWindow::QueueCreateInfoModifier
1586
1587	A function that is called during graphics initialization to add
1588	additional queues that should be created.
1589
1590	Set if the renderer needs additional queues besides the default graphics
1591	queue (e.g. a transfer queue).
1592	The provided queue family properties can be used to select the indices for
1593	the additional queues.
1594	The renderer can subsequently request the actual queue in initResources().
1595
1596	\note When requesting additional graphics queues, Qt itself always requests
1597	a graphics queue. You'll need to search queueCreateInfo for the appropriate
1598	entry and manipulate it to obtain the additional queue.
1599
1600	\sa setQueueCreateInfoModifier()
1601	*/
1602
1603	/*!
1604	Sets the queue create info modification function \a modifier.
1605
1606	\sa QueueCreateInfoModifier
1607
1608	\since 5.15
1609	*/
1610	void QVulkanWindow::setQueueCreateInfoModifier(const QueueCreateInfoModifier &modifier)
1611	{
1612	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
1613	d->queueCreateInfoModifier = modifier;
1614	}
1615
1616	/*!
1617	\typedef QVulkanWindow::EnabledFeaturesModifier
1618
1619	A function that is called during graphics initialization to alter the
1620	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures that is passed in when creating a Vulkan device
1621	object.
1622
1623	By default QVulkanWindow enables all Vulkan 1.0 core features that the
1624	physical device reports as supported, with certain exceptions. In
1625	praticular, \c robustBufferAccess is always disabled in order to avoid
1626	unexpected performance hits.
1627
1628	This however is not always sufficient when working with Vulkan 1.1 or 1.2
1629	features and extensions. Hence this callback mechanism.
1630
1631	The VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures reference passed in is all zeroed out at the
1632	point when the function is invoked. It is up to the function to change
1633	members to true, or set up \c pNext chains as it sees fit.
1634
1635	\note When setting up \c pNext chains, make sure the referenced objects
1636	have a long enough lifetime, for example by storing them as member
1637	variables in the QVulkanWindow subclass.
1638
1639	\sa setEnabledFeaturesModifier()
1640	*/
1641
1642	/*!
1643	Sets the enabled device features modification function \a modifier.
1644
1645	\sa EnabledFeaturesModifier
1646
1647	\since 6.4
1648	*/
1649	void QVulkanWindow::setEnabledFeaturesModifier(const EnabledFeaturesModifier &modifier)
1650	{
1651	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
1652	d->enabledFeaturesModifier = modifier;
1653	}
1654
1655	/*!
1656	Returns true if this window has successfully initialized all Vulkan
1657	resources, including the swapchain.
1658
1659	\note Initialization happens on the first expose event after the window is
1660	made visible.
1661	*/
1662	bool QVulkanWindow::isValid() const
1663	{
1664	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
1665	return d->status == QVulkanWindowPrivate::StatusReady;
1666	}
1667
1668	/*!
1669	Returns a new instance of QVulkanWindowRenderer.
1670
1671	This virtual function is called once during the lifetime of the window, at
1672	some point after making it visible for the first time.
1673
1674	The default implementation returns null and so no rendering will be
1675	performed apart from clearing the buffers.
1676
1677	The window takes ownership of the returned renderer object.
1678	*/
1679	QVulkanWindowRenderer *QVulkanWindow::createRenderer()
1680	{
1681	return nullptr;
1682	}
1683
1684	/*!
1685	Virtual destructor.
1686	*/
1687	QVulkanWindowRenderer::~QVulkanWindowRenderer()
1688	{
1689	}
1690
1691	/*!
1692	This virtual function is called right before graphics initialization, that
1693	ends up in calling initResources(), is about to begin.
1694
1695	Normally there is no need to reimplement this function. However, there are
1696	cases that involve decisions based on both the physical device and the
1697	surface. These cannot normally be performed before making the QVulkanWindow
1698	visible since the Vulkan surface is not retrievable at that stage.
1699
1700	Instead, applications can reimplement this function. Here both
1701	QVulkanWindow::physicalDevice() and QVulkanInstance::surfaceForWindow() are
1702	functional, but no further logical device initialization has taken place
1703	yet.
1704
1705	The default implementation is empty.
1706	*/
1707	void QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources()
1708	{
1709	}
1710
1711	/*!
1712	This virtual function is called when it is time to create the renderer's
1713	graphics resources.
1714
1715	Depending on the QVulkanWindow::PersistentResources flag, device lost
1716	situations, etc. this function may be called more than once during the
1717	lifetime of a QVulkanWindow. However, subsequent invocations are always
1718	preceded by a call to releaseResources().
1719
1720	Accessors like device(), graphicsQueue() and graphicsCommandPool() are only
1721	guaranteed to return valid values inside this function and afterwards, up
1722	until releaseResources() is called.
1723
1724	The default implementation is empty.
1725	*/
1726	void QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources()
1727	{
1728	}
1729
1730	/*!
1731	This virtual function is called when swapchain, framebuffer or renderpass
1732	related initialization can be performed. Swapchain and related resources
1733	are reset and then recreated in response to window resize events, and
1734	therefore a pair of calls to initResources() and releaseResources() can
1735	have multiple calls to initSwapChainResources() and
1736	releaseSwapChainResources() calls in-between.
1737
1738	Accessors like QVulkanWindow::swapChainImageSize() are only guaranteed to
1739	return valid values inside this function and afterwards, up until
1740	releaseSwapChainResources() is called.
1741
1742	This is also the place where size-dependent calculations (for example, the
1743	projection matrix) should be made since this function is called effectively
1744	on every resize.
1745
1746	The default implementation is empty.
1747	*/
1748	void QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources()
1749	{
1750	}
1751
1752	/*!
1753	This virtual function is called when swapchain, framebuffer or renderpass
1754	related resources must be released.
1755
1756	The implementation must be prepared that a call to this function may be
1757	followed by a new call to initSwapChainResources() at a later point.
1758
1759	QVulkanWindow takes care of waiting for the device to become idle before
1760	and after invoking this function.
1761
1762	The default implementation is empty.
1763
1764	\note This is the last place to act with all graphics resources intact
1765	before QVulkanWindow starts releasing them. It is therefore essential that
1766	implementations with an asynchronous, potentially multi-threaded
1767	startNextFrame() perform a blocking wait and call
1768	QVulkanWindow::frameReady() before returning from this function in case
1769	there is a pending frame submission.
1770	*/
1771	void QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources()
1772	{
1773	}
1774
1775	/*!
1776	This virtual function is called when the renderer's graphics resources must be
1777	released.
1778
1779	The implementation must be prepared that a call to this function may be
1780	followed by an initResources() at a later point.
1781
1782	QVulkanWindow takes care of waiting for the device to become idle before
1783	and after invoking this function.
1784
1785	The default implementation is empty.
1786	*/
1787	void QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources()
1788	{
1789	}
1790
1791	/*!
1792	\fn void QVulkanWindowRenderer::startNextFrame()
1793
1794	This virtual function is called when the draw calls for the next frame are
1795	to be added to the command buffer.
1796
1797	Each call to this function must be followed by a call to
1798	QVulkanWindow::frameReady(). Failing to do so will stall the rendering
1799	loop. The call can also be made at a later time, after returning from this
1800	function. This means that it is possible to kick off asynchronous work, and
1801	only update the command buffer and notify QVulkanWindow when that work has
1802	finished.
1803
1804	All Vulkan resources are initialized and ready when this function is
1805	invoked. The current framebuffer and main command buffer can be retrieved
1806	via QVulkanWindow::currentFramebuffer() and
1807	QVulkanWindow::currentCommandBuffer(). The logical device and the active
1808	graphics queue are available via QVulkanWindow::device() and
1809	QVulkanWindow::graphicsQueue(). Implementations can create additional
1810	command buffers from the pool returned by
1811	QVulkanWindow::graphicsCommandPool(). For convenience, the index of a host
1812	visible and device local memory type index are exposed via
1813	QVulkanWindow::hostVisibleMemoryIndex() and
1814	QVulkanWindow::deviceLocalMemoryIndex(). All these accessors are safe to be
1815	called from any thread.
1816
1817	\sa QVulkanWindow::frameReady(), QVulkanWindow
1818	*/
1819
1820	/*!
1821	This virtual function is called when the physical device is lost, meaning
1822	the creation of the logical device fails with \c{VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST}.
1823
1824	The default implementation is empty.
1825
1826	There is typically no need to perform anything special in this function
1827	because QVulkanWindow will automatically retry to initialize itself after a
1828	certain amount of time.
1829
1830	\sa logicalDeviceLost()
1831	*/
1832	void QVulkanWindowRenderer::physicalDeviceLost()
1833	{
1834	}
1835
1836	/*!
1837	This virtual function is called when the logical device (VkDevice) is lost,
1838	meaning some operation failed with \c{VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST}.
1839
1840	The default implementation is empty.
1841
1842	There is typically no need to perform anything special in this function.
1843	QVulkanWindow will automatically release all resources (invoking
1844	releaseSwapChainResources() and releaseResources() as necessary) and will
1845	attempt to reinitialize, acquiring a new device. When the physical device
1846	was also lost, this reinitialization attempt may then result in
1847	physicalDeviceLost().
1848
1849	\sa physicalDeviceLost()
1850	*/
1851	void QVulkanWindowRenderer::logicalDeviceLost()
1852	{
1853	}
1854
1855	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::beginFrame()
1856	{
1857	if (!swapChain || framePending)
1858	return;
1859
1860	Q_Q(QVulkanWindow);
1861	if (q->size() * q->devicePixelRatio() != swapChainImageSize) {
1862	recreateSwapChain();
1863	if (!swapChain)
1864	return;
1865	}
1866
1867	FrameResources &frame(frameRes[currentFrame]);
1868
1869	if (!frame.imageAcquired) {
1870	// Wait if we are too far ahead, i.e. the thread gets throttled based on the presentation rate
1871	// (note that we are using FIFO mode -> vsync)
1872	if (frame.fenceWaitable) {
1873	devFuncs->vkWaitForFences(dev, 1, &frame.fence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
1874	devFuncs->vkResetFences(dev, 1, &frame.fence);
1875	frame.fenceWaitable = false;
1876	}
1877
1878	// move on to next swapchain image
1879	VkResult err = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(dev, swapChain, UINT64_MAX,
1880	frame.imageSem, frame.fence, &currentImage);
1881	if (err == VK_SUCCESS || err == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
1882	frame.imageSemWaitable = true;
1883	frame.imageAcquired = true;
1884	frame.fenceWaitable = true;
1885	} else if (err == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
1886	recreateSwapChain();
1887	q->requestUpdate();
1888	return;
1889	} else {
1890	if (!checkDeviceLost(err))
1891	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to acquire next swapchain image: %d", err);
1892	q->requestUpdate();
1893	return;
1894	}
1895	}
1896
1897	// make sure the previous draw for the same image has finished
1898	ImageResources &image(imageRes[currentImage]);
1899	if (image.cmdFenceWaitable) {
1900	devFuncs->vkWaitForFences(dev, 1, &image.cmdFence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
1901	devFuncs->vkResetFences(dev, 1, &image.cmdFence);
1902	image.cmdFenceWaitable = false;
1903	}
1904
1905	// build new draw command buffer
1906	if (image.cmdBuf) {
1907	devFuncs->vkFreeCommandBuffers(dev, cmdPool, 1, &image.cmdBuf);
1908	image.cmdBuf = nullptr;
1909	}
1910
1911	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo cmdBufInfo = {
1912	.sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO, .pNext: nullptr, .commandPool: cmdPool, .level: VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY, .commandBufferCount: 1 };
1913	VkResult err = devFuncs->vkAllocateCommandBuffers(dev, &cmdBufInfo, &image.cmdBuf);
1914	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1915	if (!checkDeviceLost(err))
1916	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to allocate frame command buffer: %d", err);
1917	return;
1918	}
1919
1920	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo cmdBufBeginInfo = {
1921	.sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO, .pNext: nullptr, .flags: 0, .pInheritanceInfo: nullptr };
1922	err = devFuncs->vkBeginCommandBuffer(image.cmdBuf, &cmdBufBeginInfo);
1923	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1924	if (!checkDeviceLost(err))
1925	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to begin frame command buffer: %d", err);
1926	return;
1927	}
1928
1929	if (frameGrabbing)
1930	frameGrabTargetImage = QImage(swapChainImageSize, QImage::Format_RGBA8888);
1931
1932	if (renderer) {
1933	framePending = true;
1934	renderer->startNextFrame();
1935	// done for now - endFrame() will get invoked when frameReady() is called back
1936	} else {
1937	VkClearColorValue clearColor = { .float32: { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f } };
1938	VkClearDepthStencilValue clearDS = { .depth: 1.0f, .stencil: 0 };
1939	VkClearValue clearValues[3];
1940	memset(s: clearValues, c: 0, n: sizeof(clearValues));
1941	clearValues[0].color = clearValues[2].color = clearColor;
1942	clearValues[1].depthStencil = clearDS;
1943
1944	VkRenderPassBeginInfo rpBeginInfo;
1945	memset(s: &rpBeginInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(rpBeginInfo));
1946	rpBeginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
1947	rpBeginInfo.renderPass = defaultRenderPass;
1948	rpBeginInfo.framebuffer = image.fb;
1949	rpBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.width = swapChainImageSize.width();
1950	rpBeginInfo.renderArea.extent.height = swapChainImageSize.height();
1951	rpBeginInfo.clearValueCount = sampleCount > VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT ? 3 : 2;
1952	rpBeginInfo.pClearValues = clearValues;
1953	devFuncs->vkCmdBeginRenderPass(image.cmdBuf, &rpBeginInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
1954	devFuncs->vkCmdEndRenderPass(image.cmdBuf);
1955
1956	endFrame();
1957	}
1958	}
1959
1960	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::endFrame()
1961	{
1962	Q_Q(QVulkanWindow);
1963
1964	FrameResources &frame(frameRes[currentFrame]);
1965	ImageResources &image(imageRes[currentImage]);
1966
1967	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx != presQueueFamilyIdx && !frameGrabbing) {
1968	// Add the swapchain image release to the command buffer that will be
1969	// submitted to the graphics queue.
1970	VkImageMemoryBarrier presTrans;
1971	memset(s: &presTrans, c: 0, n: sizeof(presTrans));
1972	presTrans.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
1973	presTrans.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;
1974	presTrans.oldLayout = presTrans.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
1975	presTrans.srcQueueFamilyIndex = gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
1976	presTrans.dstQueueFamilyIndex = presQueueFamilyIdx;
1977	presTrans.image = image.image;
1978	presTrans.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
1979	presTrans.subresourceRange.levelCount = presTrans.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
1980	devFuncs->vkCmdPipelineBarrier(image.cmdBuf,
1981	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
1982	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_BOTTOM_OF_PIPE_BIT,
1983	0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
1984	1, &presTrans);
1985	}
1986
1987	// When grabbing a frame, add a readback at the end and skip presenting.
1988	if (frameGrabbing)
1989	addReadback();
1990
1991	VkResult err = devFuncs->vkEndCommandBuffer(image.cmdBuf);
1992	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
1993	if (!checkDeviceLost(err))
1994	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to end frame command buffer: %d", err);
1995	return;
1996	}
1997
1998	// submit draw calls
1999	VkSubmitInfo submitInfo;
2000	memset(s: &submitInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(submitInfo));
2001	submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
2002	submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
2003	submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &image.cmdBuf;
2004	if (frame.imageSemWaitable) {
2005	submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
2006	submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &frame.imageSem;
2007	}
2008	if (!frameGrabbing) {
2009	submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
2010	submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &frame.drawSem;
2011	}
2012	VkPipelineStageFlags psf = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT;
2013	submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = &psf;
2014
2015	Q_ASSERT(!image.cmdFenceWaitable);
2016
2017	err = devFuncs->vkQueueSubmit(gfxQueue, 1, &submitInfo, image.cmdFence);
2018	if (err == VK_SUCCESS) {
2019	frame.imageSemWaitable = false;
2020	image.cmdFenceWaitable = true;
2021	} else {
2022	if (!checkDeviceLost(err))
2023	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to submit to graphics queue: %d", err);
2024	return;
2025	}
2026
2027	// block and then bail out when grabbing
2028	if (frameGrabbing) {
2029	finishBlockingReadback();
2030	frameGrabbing = false;
2031	// Leave frame.imageAcquired set to true.
2032	// Do not change currentFrame.
2033	emit q->frameGrabbed(image: frameGrabTargetImage);
2034	return;
2035	}
2036
2037	if (gfxQueueFamilyIdx != presQueueFamilyIdx) {
2038	// Submit the swapchain image acquire to the present queue.
2039	submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = &frame.drawSem;
2040	submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = &frame.presTransSem;
2041	submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &image.presTransCmdBuf; // must be USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS
2042	err = devFuncs->vkQueueSubmit(presQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
2043	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
2044	if (!checkDeviceLost(err))
2045	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to submit to present queue: %d", err);
2046	return;
2047	}
2048	}
2049
2050	// queue present
2051	VkPresentInfoKHR presInfo;
2052	memset(s: &presInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(presInfo));
2053	presInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;
2054	presInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
2055	presInfo.pSwapchains = &swapChain;
2056	presInfo.pImageIndices = &currentImage;
2057	presInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
2058	presInfo.pWaitSemaphores = gfxQueueFamilyIdx == presQueueFamilyIdx ? &frame.drawSem : &frame.presTransSem;
2059
2060	// Do platform-specific WM notification. F.ex. essential on Wayland in
2061	// order to circumvent driver frame callbacks
2062	inst->presentAboutToBeQueued(window: q);
2063
2064	err = vkQueuePresentKHR(presQueue, &presInfo);
2065	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
2066	if (err == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
2067	recreateSwapChain();
2068	q->requestUpdate();
2069	return;
2070	} else if (err != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
2071	if (!checkDeviceLost(err))
2072	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to present: %d", err);
2073	return;
2074	}
2075	}
2076
2077	frame.imageAcquired = false;
2078
2079	inst->presentQueued(window: q);
2080
2081	currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % frameLag;
2082	}
2083
2084	/*!
2085	This function must be called exactly once in response to each invocation of
2086	the QVulkanWindowRenderer::startNextFrame() implementation. At the time of
2087	this call, the main command buffer, exposed via currentCommandBuffer(),
2088	must have all necessary rendering commands added to it since this function
2089	will trigger submitting the commands and queuing the present command.
2090
2091	\note This function must only be called from the gui/main thread, which is
2092	where QVulkanWindowRenderer's functions are invoked and where the
2093	QVulkanWindow instance lives.
2094
2095	\sa QVulkanWindowRenderer::startNextFrame()
2096	*/
2097	void QVulkanWindow::frameReady()
2098	{
2099	Q_ASSERT_X(QThread::currentThread() == QCoreApplication::instance()->thread(),
2100	"QVulkanWindow", "frameReady() can only be called from the GUI (main) thread");
2101
2102	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
2103
2104	if (!d->framePending) {
2105	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: frameReady() called without a corresponding startNextFrame()");
2106	return;
2107	}
2108
2109	d->framePending = false;
2110
2111	d->endFrame();
2112	}
2113
2114	bool QVulkanWindowPrivate::checkDeviceLost(VkResult err)
2115	{
2116	if (err == VK_ERROR_DEVICE_LOST) {
2117	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Device lost");
2118	if (renderer)
2119	renderer->logicalDeviceLost();
2120	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Releasing all resources due to device lost");
2121	releaseSwapChain();
2122	reset();
2123	qCDebug(lcGuiVk, "Restarting");
2124	ensureStarted();
2125	return true;
2126	}
2127	return false;
2128	}
2129
2130	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::addReadback()
2131	{
2132	VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo;
2133	memset(s: &imageInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(imageInfo));
2134	imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
2135	imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
2136	imageInfo.format = VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_UNORM;
2137	imageInfo.extent.width = frameGrabTargetImage.width();
2138	imageInfo.extent.height = frameGrabTargetImage.height();
2139	imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
2140	imageInfo.mipLevels = 1;
2141	imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
2142	imageInfo.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
2143	imageInfo.tiling = VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR;
2144	imageInfo.usage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT;
2145	imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED;
2146
2147	VkResult err = devFuncs->vkCreateImage(dev, &imageInfo, nullptr, &frameGrabImage);
2148	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
2149	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to create image for readback: %d", err);
2150	return;
2151	}
2152
2153	VkMemoryRequirements memReq;
2154	devFuncs->vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(dev, frameGrabImage, &memReq);
2155
2156	VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo = {
2157	.sType: VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
2158	.pNext: nullptr,
2159	.allocationSize: memReq.size,
2160	.memoryTypeIndex: hostVisibleMemIndex
2161	};
2162
2163	err = devFuncs->vkAllocateMemory(dev, &allocInfo, nullptr, &frameGrabImageMem);
2164	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
2165	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to allocate memory for readback image: %d", err);
2166	return;
2167	}
2168
2169	err = devFuncs->vkBindImageMemory(dev, frameGrabImage, frameGrabImageMem, 0);
2170	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
2171	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to bind readback image memory: %d", err);
2172	return;
2173	}
2174
2175	ImageResources &image(imageRes[currentImage]);
2176
2177	VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier;
2178	memset(s: &barrier, c: 0, n: sizeof(barrier));
2179	barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
2180	barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
2181	barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
2182
2183	barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;
2184	barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
2185	barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_MEMORY_READ_BIT;
2186	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
2187	barrier.image = image.image;
2188
2189	devFuncs->vkCmdPipelineBarrier(image.cmdBuf,
2190	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
2191	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
2192	0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
2193	1, &barrier);
2194
2195	barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED;
2196	barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
2197	barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
2198	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
2199	barrier.image = frameGrabImage;
2200
2201	devFuncs->vkCmdPipelineBarrier(image.cmdBuf,
2202	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT,
2203	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
2204	0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
2205	1, &barrier);
2206
2207	VkImageCopy copyInfo;
2208	memset(s: &copyInfo, c: 0, n: sizeof(copyInfo));
2209	copyInfo.srcSubresource.aspectMask = copyInfo.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
2210	copyInfo.srcSubresource.layerCount = copyInfo.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;
2211	copyInfo.extent.width = frameGrabTargetImage.width();
2212	copyInfo.extent.height = frameGrabTargetImage.height();
2213	copyInfo.extent.depth = 1;
2214
2215	devFuncs->vkCmdCopyImage(image.cmdBuf, image.image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
2216	frameGrabImage, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &copyInfo);
2217
2218	barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
2219	barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL;
2220	barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
2221	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_HOST_READ_BIT;
2222	barrier.image = frameGrabImage;
2223
2224	devFuncs->vkCmdPipelineBarrier(image.cmdBuf,
2225	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT,
2226	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_HOST_BIT,
2227	0, 0, nullptr, 0, nullptr,
2228	1, &barrier);
2229	}
2230
2231	void QVulkanWindowPrivate::finishBlockingReadback()
2232	{
2233	ImageResources &image(imageRes[currentImage]);
2234
2235	// Block until the current frame is done. Normally this wait would only be
2236	// done in current + concurrentFrameCount().
2237	devFuncs->vkWaitForFences(dev, 1, &image.cmdFence, VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
2238	devFuncs->vkResetFences(dev, 1, &image.cmdFence);
2239	// will reuse the same image for the next "real" frame, do not wait then
2240	image.cmdFenceWaitable = false;
2241
2242	VkImageSubresource subres = { .aspectMask: VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, .mipLevel: 0, .arrayLayer: 0 };
2243	VkSubresourceLayout layout;
2244	devFuncs->vkGetImageSubresourceLayout(dev, frameGrabImage, &subres, &layout);
2245
2246	uchar *p;
2247	VkResult err = devFuncs->vkMapMemory(dev, frameGrabImageMem, layout.offset, layout.size, 0, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&p));
2248	if (err != VK_SUCCESS) {
2249	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Failed to map readback image memory after transfer: %d", err);
2250	return;
2251	}
2252
2253	for (int y = 0; y < frameGrabTargetImage.height(); ++y) {
2254	memcpy(dest: frameGrabTargetImage.scanLine(y), src: p, n: frameGrabTargetImage.width() * 4);
2255	p += layout.rowPitch;
2256	}
2257
2258	devFuncs->vkUnmapMemory(dev, frameGrabImageMem);
2259
2260	devFuncs->vkDestroyImage(dev, frameGrabImage, nullptr);
2261	frameGrabImage = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2262	devFuncs->vkFreeMemory(dev, frameGrabImageMem, nullptr);
2263	frameGrabImageMem = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2264	}
2265
2266	/*!
2267	Returns the active physical device.
2268
2269	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2270	QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources() up until
2271	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2272	*/
2273	VkPhysicalDevice QVulkanWindow::physicalDevice() const
2274	{
2275	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2276	if (d->physDevIndex < d->physDevs.size())
2277	return d->physDevs[d->physDevIndex];
2278	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Physical device not available");
2279	return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2280	}
2281
2282	/*!
2283	Returns a pointer to the properties for the active physical device.
2284
2285	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2286	QVulkanWindowRenderer::preInitResources() up until
2287	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2288	*/
2289	const VkPhysicalDeviceProperties *QVulkanWindow::physicalDeviceProperties() const
2290	{
2291	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2292	if (d->physDevIndex < d->physDevProps.size())
2293	return &d->physDevProps[d->physDevIndex];
2294	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Physical device properties not available");
2295	return nullptr;
2296	}
2297
2298	/*!
2299	Returns the active logical device.
2300
2301	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2302	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2303	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2304	*/
2305	VkDevice QVulkanWindow::device() const
2306	{
2307	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2308	return d->dev;
2309	}
2310
2311	/*!
2312	Returns the active graphics queue.
2313
2314	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2315	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2316	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2317	*/
2318	VkQueue QVulkanWindow::graphicsQueue() const
2319	{
2320	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2321	return d->gfxQueue;
2322	}
2323
2324	/*!
2325	Returns the family index of the active graphics queue.
2326
2327	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2328	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2329	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources(). Implementations of
2330	QVulkanWindowRenderer::updateQueueCreateInfo() can also call this
2331	function.
2332
2333	\since 5.15
2334	*/
2335	uint32_t QVulkanWindow::graphicsQueueFamilyIndex() const
2336	{
2337	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2338	return d->gfxQueueFamilyIdx;
2339	}
2340
2341	/*!
2342	Returns the active graphics command pool.
2343
2344	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2345	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2346	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2347	*/
2348	VkCommandPool QVulkanWindow::graphicsCommandPool() const
2349	{
2350	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2351	return d->cmdPool;
2352	}
2353
2354	/*!
2355	Returns a host visible memory type index suitable for general use.
2356
2357	The returned memory type will be both host visible and coherent. In
2358	addition, it will also be cached, if possible.
2359
2360	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2361	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2362	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2363	*/
2364	uint32_t QVulkanWindow::hostVisibleMemoryIndex() const
2365	{
2366	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2367	return d->hostVisibleMemIndex;
2368	}
2369
2370	/*!
2371	Returns a device local memory type index suitable for general use.
2372
2373	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2374	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2375	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2376
2377	\note It is not guaranteed that this memory type is always suitable. The
2378	correct, cross-implementation solution - especially for device local images
2379	- is to manually pick a memory type after checking the mask returned from
2380	\c{vkGetImageMemoryRequirements}.
2381	*/
2382	uint32_t QVulkanWindow::deviceLocalMemoryIndex() const
2383	{
2384	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2385	return d->deviceLocalMemIndex;
2386	}
2387
2388	/*!
2389	Returns a typical render pass with one sub-pass.
2390
2391	\note Applications are not required to use this render pass. However, they
2392	are then responsible for ensuring the current swap chain and depth-stencil
2393	images get transitioned from \c{VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED} to
2394	\c{VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR} and
2395	\c{VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL} either via the
2396	application's custom render pass or by other means.
2397
2398	\note Stencil read/write is not enabled in this render pass.
2399
2400	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2401	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2402	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2403
2404	\sa currentFramebuffer()
2405	*/
2406	VkRenderPass QVulkanWindow::defaultRenderPass() const
2407	{
2408	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2409	return d->defaultRenderPass;
2410	}
2411
2412	/*!
2413	Returns the color buffer format used by the swapchain.
2414
2415	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2416	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2417	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2418
2419	\sa setPreferredColorFormats()
2420	*/
2421	VkFormat QVulkanWindow::colorFormat() const
2422	{
2423	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2424	return d->colorFormat;
2425	}
2426
2427	/*!
2428	Returns the format used by the depth-stencil buffer(s).
2429
2430	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2431	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initResources() up until
2432	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseResources().
2433	*/
2434	VkFormat QVulkanWindow::depthStencilFormat() const
2435	{
2436	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2437	return d->dsFormat;
2438	}
2439
2440	/*!
2441	Returns the image size of the swapchain.
2442
2443	This usually matches the size of the window, but may also differ in case
2444	\c vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR reports a fixed size.
2445
2446	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2447	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2448	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2449	*/
2450	QSize QVulkanWindow::swapChainImageSize() const
2451	{
2452	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2453	return d->swapChainImageSize;
2454	}
2455
2456	/*!
2457	Returns The active command buffer for the current swap chain image.
2458	Implementations of QVulkanWindowRenderer::startNextFrame() are expected to
2459	add commands to this command buffer.
2460
2461	\note This function must only be called from within startNextFrame() and, in
2462	case of asynchronous command generation, up until the call to frameReady().
2463	*/
2464	VkCommandBuffer QVulkanWindow::currentCommandBuffer() const
2465	{
2466	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2467	if (!d->framePending) {
2468	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call currentCommandBuffer() without an active frame");
2469	return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2470	}
2471	return d->imageRes[d->currentImage].cmdBuf;
2472	}
2473
2474	/*!
2475	Returns a VkFramebuffer for the current swapchain image using the default
2476	render pass.
2477
2478	The framebuffer has two attachments (color, depth-stencil) when
2479	multisampling is not in use, and three (color resolve, depth-stencil,
2480	multisample color) when sampleCountFlagBits() is greater than
2481	\c{VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT}. Renderers must take this into account, for
2482	example when providing clear values.
2483
2484	\note Applications are not required to use this framebuffer in case they
2485	provide their own render pass instead of using the one returned from
2486	defaultRenderPass().
2487
2488	\note This function must only be called from within startNextFrame() and, in
2489	case of asynchronous command generation, up until the call to frameReady().
2490
2491	\sa defaultRenderPass()
2492	*/
2493	VkFramebuffer QVulkanWindow::currentFramebuffer() const
2494	{
2495	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2496	if (!d->framePending) {
2497	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call currentFramebuffer() without an active frame");
2498	return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2499	}
2500	return d->imageRes[d->currentImage].fb;
2501	}
2502
2503	/*!
2504	Returns the current frame index in the range [0, concurrentFrameCount() - 1].
2505
2506	Renderer implementations will have to ensure that uniform data and other
2507	dynamic resources exist in multiple copies, in order to prevent frame N
2508	altering the data used by the still-active frames N - 1, N - 2, ... N -
2509	concurrentFrameCount() + 1.
2510
2511	To avoid relying on dynamic array sizes, applications can use
2512	MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAME_COUNT when declaring arrays. This is guaranteed to be
2513	always equal to or greater than the value returned from
2514	concurrentFrameCount(). Such arrays can then be indexed by the value
2515	returned from this function.
2516
2517	\snippet code/src_gui_vulkan_qvulkanwindow.cpp 1
2518
2519	\note This function must only be called from within startNextFrame() and, in
2520	case of asynchronous command generation, up until the call to frameReady().
2521
2522	\sa concurrentFrameCount()
2523	*/
2524	int QVulkanWindow::currentFrame() const
2525	{
2526	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2527	if (!d->framePending)
2528	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call currentFrame() without an active frame");
2529	return d->currentFrame;
2530	}
2531
2532	/*!
2533	\variable QVulkanWindow::MAX_CONCURRENT_FRAME_COUNT
2534
2535	\brief A constant value that is always equal to or greater than the maximum value
2536	of concurrentFrameCount().
2537	*/
2538
2539	/*!
2540	Returns the number of frames that can be potentially active at the same time.
2541
2542	\note The value is constant for the entire lifetime of the QVulkanWindow.
2543
2544	\snippet code/src_gui_vulkan_qvulkanwindow.cpp 2
2545
2546	\sa currentFrame()
2547	*/
2548	int QVulkanWindow::concurrentFrameCount() const
2549	{
2550	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2551	return d->frameLag;
2552	}
2553
2554	/*!
2555	Returns the number of images in the swap chain.
2556
2557	\note Accessing this is necessary when providing a custom render pass and
2558	framebuffer. The framebuffer is specific to the current swapchain image and
2559	hence the application must provide multiple framebuffers.
2560
2561	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2562	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2563	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2564	*/
2565	int QVulkanWindow::swapChainImageCount() const
2566	{
2567	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2568	return d->swapChainBufferCount;
2569	}
2570
2571	/*!
2572	Returns the current swap chain image index in the range [0, swapChainImageCount() - 1].
2573
2574	\note This function must only be called from within startNextFrame() and, in
2575	case of asynchronous command generation, up until the call to frameReady().
2576	*/
2577	int QVulkanWindow::currentSwapChainImageIndex() const
2578	{
2579	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2580	if (!d->framePending)
2581	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call currentSwapChainImageIndex() without an active frame");
2582	return d->currentImage;
2583	}
2584
2585	/*!
2586	Returns the specified swap chain image.
2587
2588	\a idx must be in the range [0, swapChainImageCount() - 1].
2589
2590	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2591	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2592	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2593	*/
2594	VkImage QVulkanWindow::swapChainImage(int idx) const
2595	{
2596	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2597	return idx >= 0 && idx < d->swapChainBufferCount ? d->imageRes[idx].image : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2598	}
2599
2600	/*!
2601	Returns the specified swap chain image view.
2602
2603	\a idx must be in the range [0, swapChainImageCount() - 1].
2604
2605	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2606	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2607	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2608	*/
2609	VkImageView QVulkanWindow::swapChainImageView(int idx) const
2610	{
2611	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2612	return idx >= 0 && idx < d->swapChainBufferCount ? d->imageRes[idx].imageView : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2613	}
2614
2615	/*!
2616	Returns the depth-stencil image.
2617
2618	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2619	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2620	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2621	*/
2622	VkImage QVulkanWindow::depthStencilImage() const
2623	{
2624	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2625	return d->dsImage;
2626	}
2627
2628	/*!
2629	Returns the depth-stencil image view.
2630
2631	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2632	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2633	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2634	*/
2635	VkImageView QVulkanWindow::depthStencilImageView() const
2636	{
2637	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2638	return d->dsView;
2639	}
2640
2641	/*!
2642	Returns the current sample count as a \c VkSampleCountFlagBits value.
2643
2644	When targeting the default render target, the \c rasterizationSamples field
2645	of \c VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo must be set to this value.
2646
2647	\sa setSampleCount(), supportedSampleCounts()
2648	*/
2649	VkSampleCountFlagBits QVulkanWindow::sampleCountFlagBits() const
2650	{
2651	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2652	return d->sampleCount;
2653	}
2654
2655	/*!
2656	Returns the specified multisample color image, or \c{VK_NULL_HANDLE} if
2657	multisampling is not in use.
2658
2659	\a idx must be in the range [0, swapChainImageCount() - 1].
2660
2661	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2662	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2663	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2664	*/
2665	VkImage QVulkanWindow::msaaColorImage(int idx) const
2666	{
2667	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2668	return idx >= 0 && idx < d->swapChainBufferCount ? d->imageRes[idx].msaaImage : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2669	}
2670
2671	/*!
2672	Returns the specified multisample color image view, or \c{VK_NULL_HANDLE} if
2673	multisampling is not in use.
2674
2675	\a idx must be in the range [0, swapChainImageCount() - 1].
2676
2677	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2678	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2679	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2680	*/
2681	VkImageView QVulkanWindow::msaaColorImageView(int idx) const
2682	{
2683	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2684	return idx >= 0 && idx < d->swapChainBufferCount ? d->imageRes[idx].msaaImageView : VK_NULL_HANDLE;
2685	}
2686
2687	/*!
2688	Returns true if the swapchain supports usage as transfer source, meaning
2689	grab() is functional.
2690
2691	\note Calling this function is only valid from the invocation of
2692	QVulkanWindowRenderer::initSwapChainResources() up until
2693	QVulkanWindowRenderer::releaseSwapChainResources().
2694	*/
2695	bool QVulkanWindow::supportsGrab() const
2696	{
2697	Q_D(const QVulkanWindow);
2698	return d->swapChainSupportsReadBack;
2699	}
2700
2701	/*!
2702	\fn void QVulkanWindow::frameGrabbed(const QImage &image)
2703
2704	This signal is emitted when the \a image is ready.
2705	*/
2706
2707	/*!
2708	Builds and renders the next frame without presenting it, then performs a
2709	blocking readback of the image content.
2710
2711	Returns the image if the renderer's
2712	\l{QVulkanWindowRenderer::startNextFrame()}{startNextFrame()}
2713	implementation calls back frameReady() directly. Otherwise, returns an
2714	incomplete image, that has the correct size but not the content yet. The
2715	content will be delivered via the frameGrabbed() signal in the latter case.
2716
2717	\note This function should not be called when a frame is in progress
2718	(that is, frameReady() has not yet been called back by the application).
2719
2720	\note This function is potentially expensive due to the additional,
2721	blocking readback.
2722
2723	\note This function currently requires that the swapchain supports usage as
2724	a transfer source (\c{VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT}), and will fail otherwise.
2725	*/
2726	QImage QVulkanWindow::grab()
2727	{
2728	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
2729	if (!d->swapChain) {
2730	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call grab() without a swapchain");
2731	return QImage();
2732	}
2733	if (d->framePending) {
2734	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call grab() while a frame is still pending");
2735	return QImage();
2736	}
2737	if (!d->swapChainSupportsReadBack) {
2738	qWarning(msg: "QVulkanWindow: Attempted to call grab() with a swapchain that does not support usage as transfer source");
2739	return QImage();
2740	}
2741
2742	d->frameGrabbing = true;
2743	d->beginFrame();
2744
2745	return d->frameGrabTargetImage;
2746	}
2747
2748	/*!
2749	Returns a QMatrix4x4 that can be used to correct for coordinate
2750	system differences between OpenGL and Vulkan.
2751
2752	By pre-multiplying the projection matrix with this matrix, applications can
2753	continue to assume that Y is pointing upwards, and can set minDepth and
2754	maxDepth in the viewport to 0 and 1, respectively, without having to do any
2755	further corrections to the vertex Z positions. Geometry from OpenGL
2756	applications can then be used as-is, assuming a rasterization state matching
2757	the OpenGL culling and front face settings.
2758	*/
2759	QMatrix4x4 QVulkanWindow::clipCorrectionMatrix()
2760	{
2761	Q_D(QVulkanWindow);
2762	if (d->m_clipCorrect.isIdentity()) {
2763	// NB the ctor takes row-major
2764	d->m_clipCorrect = QMatrix4x4(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
2765	0.0f, -1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
2766	0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f,
2767	0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
2768	}
2769	return d->m_clipCorrect;
2770	}
2771
2772	QT_END_NAMESPACE
2773
2774	#include "moc_qvulkanwindow.cpp"
2775